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Glossary of Pharmacology Terms
beginning with letter A
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aborticide Tweet Definition of aborticide Like Definition of aborticide on Facebook
noun 
  1. (medicine): The act of destroying a fetus in the womb; feticide
     
abortifacient Tweet Definition of abortifacient Like Definition of abortifacient on Facebook
noun 
  1. A drug or an agent that causes premature delivery.
adjective 
  1. Producing miscarriage
     
acetaminophen Tweet Definition of acetaminophen Like Definition of acetaminophen on Facebook
noun 
  1. A white crystalline compound used in medicine as an anodyne to relieve pain and reduce fever.
     
acetylcholine Tweet Definition of acetylcholine Like Definition of acetylcholine on Facebook
noun 
  1. (neurotransmitter) A neurotransmitter in humans and other animals. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula acetyl, CH<small>3</small>COoxygen, Omethylene, CH<small>2</small>methylene, CH<small>2</small>Nitrogen, N<small>+</small>(methyl, CH<small>3</small>)<small>3</small>.
     
acetylsalicylic acid Tweet Definition of acetylsalicylic acid Like Definition of acetylsalicylic acid on Facebook
noun 
  1. (context, organic chemistry, pharmaceutical drug) The acetate ester of salicylic acid; aspirin.
     
ACTH Tweet Definition of ACTH Like Definition of ACTH on Facebook
initialism 
  1. adrenocorticotropic hormone
     
actinomycin Tweet Definition of actinomycin Like Definition of actinomycin on Facebook
noun 
  1. (context, protein, pharmaceutical drug) A class of toxic polypeptide antibiotics found in soil bacteria of genus Streptomyces.
     
acyclovir Tweet Definition of acyclovir Like Definition of acyclovir on Facebook
noun 
  1. An antiviral drug used in the treatment of genital herpes, under the trade name Zovirax.
category:Pharmaceutical drugs      
addict Tweet Definition of addict Like Definition of addict on Facebook
noun 
  1. A person who is addicted, especially to a harmful drug
  2. An adherent or fan (of something)
verb <!--is this true?:
Note that the words Addicts and Addicting are US English only.-->
  1. To cause someone to become addicted, especially to a harmful drug
  2. To involve oneself in something habitually, to the exclusion of almost anything else.
    • They themselves to the civil law. --Evelyn
    • He is addicted to his study. --Beaumont & Fletcher
    • That part of mankind that their minds to speculations. --Adventurer
    • His genius addicted him to the study of antiquity. --Fuller
    • A man gross ... and addicted to low company. --Macaulay
      1. (obsolete) To adapt; to make suitable; to fit.
    • The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but the coldness of the place hinders the growth. --Evelyn
     
addicted Tweet Definition of addicted Like Definition of addicted on Facebook
verb 
  1. (past of, addict)
adjective 
  1. Being physically or psychologically dependent on something.
     
addiction Tweet Definition of addiction Like Definition of addiction on Facebook
noun 
  1. The state of being addicted; devotion; inclination.
  2. A habit or practice that damages, jeopardizes or shortens one's life but when ceased causes trauma.
  3. A pathological relationship to mood altering experience that has life damaging consequences.
His was to courses vain. Shakespeare.
     
addictive Tweet Definition of addictive Like Definition of addictive on Facebook
noun 
  1. A drug that causes an addiction.
  2. Anything that is very habit-forming.
adjective 
  1. Causing or tending to cause addiction; habit-forming.
"addictive drugs", "an addictive behavior"
  1. Characterized by or susceptible to addiction.
"an addictive personality"
     
aflatoxin Tweet Definition of aflatoxin Like Definition of aflatoxin on Facebook
noun 
  1. (poison) Any of a family of mycotoxins, produces by molds of the Aspergillus genus, that can be toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic; typically found as contaminants of animal food or peanuts.
     
agent Tweet Definition of agent Like Definition of agent on Facebook
noun 
  1. One who exerts power, or has the power to act; an actor.
Heaven made us agents, free to good or ill. --Dryden.
  1. One who acts for, or in the place of, another, by authority from him; one intrusted with the business of another; a substitute; a deputy; a factor.
  2. An active power or cause; that which has the power to produce an effect; as, a physical, chemical, or medicinal agent; as, heat is a powerful agent.
  3. (computing) In the client-server model, the part of the system that performs information preparation and exchange on behalf of a client or server. Especially in the phrase &ldquo;intelligent agent&rdquo; it implies some kind of automatic process which can communicate with other agents to perform some collective task on behalf of one or more humans.
     
agonist Tweet Definition of agonist Like Definition of agonist on Facebook
noun 
  1. Someone involved in a contest or battle (as in an agon).
  2. A muscle that contracts while another relaxes.
"when bending the elbow the biceps are the "
  1. (biochemistry) A molecule that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction.
"acetylcholine is an at the a cholinergic receptor"
     
albuterol Tweet Definition of albuterol Like Definition of albuterol on Facebook
noun 
  1. (pharmaceutical drug) The USAN name for salbutamol.
     
amphetamine Tweet Definition of amphetamine Like Definition of amphetamine on Facebook
noun 
  1. (organic compound) 1-phenyl-2-propylamine; a colourless volatile liquid; any of its derivatives.
    1. A class of drugs used as a stimulant of the central nervous system in the treatment of ADHD, depression, and narcolepsy, and abused illegally as a stimulant.
     
ampicillin Tweet Definition of ampicillin Like Definition of ampicillin on Facebook
noun 
  1. A broad-spectrum antibiotic having a beta-lactam structure
     
ampule Tweet Definition of ampule Like Definition of ampule on Facebook
noun 
  1. alternative spelling of ampoule
     
amyl nitrite Tweet Definition of amyl nitrite Like Definition of amyl nitrite on Facebook
noun 
  1. (organic compound) The ester of amyl alcohol and nitrous acid.
  2. (informal) isoamyl nitrite
     
anabolic steroid Tweet Definition of anabolic steroid Like Definition of anabolic steroid on Facebook
noun 
  1. (steroid hormone) A class of steroid hormones that promote growth of tissue.
     
anesthetic Tweet Definition of anesthetic Like Definition of anesthetic on Facebook
noun (plural: anesthetics)
  1. A substance utilized by professional anesthesia providers such as anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists to reduce the pain of a patient and/or to render the patient unconscious.
     
angel dust Tweet Definition of angel dust Like Definition of angel dust on Facebook
noun 
  1. phencyclidine, Phencyclidine, a type of dissociative anesthetic.
  2. (Ireland) slang name for clenbuterol, a banned growth hormone formerly used in animal feedlots.
     
anodyne Tweet Definition of anodyne Like Definition of anodyne on Facebook
noun 
  1. (pharmacology) Any medicine or other agent that relieves pain.
  2. (figurative) A source or relaxation or comfort.
adjective 
  1. capable, Capable of soothing or eliminating pain.
Paracetamol has an effect.
  1. (figurative) soothing, Soothing or relaxing.
ClassicFM?'s music is rather .
  1. (context, of advice or opinion) noncontentious, Noncontentious, blandly agreeable, unlikely to cause offence or debate.
ClassicFM?'s music is rather .
     
anorectic Tweet Definition of anorectic Like Definition of anorectic on Facebook
noun 
  1. A person suffering from anorexia nervosa; an anorexic.
adjective 
  1. Characterised by a lack of appetite, especially as suffering from anorexia nervosa; anorexic.
    • 2005: cultural historians would trace the impact of the drug across a wide spectrum of popular culture, from the Mods of Britain to the new chic of the fashion world as exemplified by models like Twiggy. " Martin Torgoff, Can't Find My Way Home (Simon & Schuster 2005, p. 160)
      1. Causing a loss of appetite.
     
Antabuse Tweet Definition of Antabuse Like Definition of Antabuse on Facebook
proper noun 
  1. A brand name of disulfiram, prescribed to recovering alcoholics.
     
antacid Tweet Definition of antacid Like Definition of antacid on Facebook
noun 
  1. An agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity, especially in the stomach.
adjective 
  1. counteract, Counteracting or neutralizing acidity, especially in the stomach.
     
antagonist Tweet Definition of antagonist Like Definition of antagonist on Facebook
noun 
  1. An opponent or enemy.
  2. One who antagonizes or stirs.
  3. (biochemistry) A chemical that binds to a receptor but does not produce a physiological response, blocking the action of agonist chemicals.
    • 2001: The calcium antagonists represent one of the top ten classes of prescription drugs in terms of commercial value, with worldwide sales of nearly $10 billion in 1999. " Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 41)
     
anthelmintic Tweet Definition of anthelmintic Like Definition of anthelmintic on Facebook
noun 
  1. an anthelmintic agent
adjective 
  1. destructive to parasitic worms
Research is progressing well on finding native plants with properties.
     
antiarrhythmic Tweet Definition of antiarrhythmic Like Definition of antiarrhythmic on Facebook
noun 
  1. A drug that treats or prevents (heart) arrhythmia (irregular beat).
adjective 
  1. Referring to a drug that treats or prevents (heart) arrhythmia (irregular beat).
     
antidepressant Tweet Definition of antidepressant Like Definition of antidepressant on Facebook
noun 
  1. An agent that prevents or counteracts depression.
adjective 
  1. Preventing or counteracting depression.
     
antidiuretic Tweet Definition of antidiuretic Like Definition of antidiuretic on Facebook
noun 
  1. an agent that prevents or counteracts diuresis
adjective 
  1. preventing or counteracting diuresis
     
antigen Tweet Definition of antigen Like Definition of antigen on Facebook
noun 
  1. (immunology) A substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.
     
anti-inflammatory Tweet Definition of anti-inflammatory Like Definition of anti-inflammatory on Facebook
noun 
  1. (pharmacology) An agent that prevents or counteracts inflammation.
adjective (pos=anti-inflammatory)
  1. Preventing or counteracting inflammation.
     
antipsychotic Tweet Definition of antipsychotic Like Definition of antipsychotic on Facebook
noun 
  1. (pharmacology) Any of a group of drugs used to treat psychosis.
adjective 
  1. (pharmacology) Preventing or counteracting psychosis.
     
antiserum Tweet Definition of antiserum Like Definition of antiserum on Facebook
noun (plural antiserums or antisera)
  1. (medicine) A serum prepared from human or animal sources containing antigens specific for combatting an infectious disease.
     
antitoxic Tweet Definition of antitoxic Like Definition of antitoxic on Facebook
adjective 
  1. that counteracts a toxin or poison
  2. of, or relating to an antitoxin
     
antitussive Tweet Definition of antitussive Like Definition of antitussive on Facebook
noun 
  1. (pharmacology) A cough suppressant or a drug that inhibits coughing.
adjective 
  1. (pharmacology) Having cough suppressant abilities.
     
APC Tweet Definition of APC Like Definition of APC on Facebook
initialism 
  1. (military) armored personnel carrier
  2. (music) Wikipedia:A Perfect Circle, A Perfect Circle
     
aperient Tweet Definition of aperient Like Definition of aperient on Facebook
noun 
  1. a laxative, either in the form of a medicine or a food such as hops or asparagus, which has the effect of moving the bowels, or aiding digestion and preventing constipation.
adjective 
  1. having a gentle laxative effect.
     
application Tweet Definition of application Like Definition of application on Facebook
noun 
  1. The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense; as, the application of emollients to a diseased limb.
  2. The thing applied.
He invented a new application by which blood might be stanched. --Johnson.
  1. The act of applying as a means; the employment of means to accomplish an end; specific use.
If a right course . . . be taken with children, there will not be much need of the application of the common rewards and punishments. --Locke.
  1. The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence; as, I make the remark, and leave you to make the application; the application of a theory.
  2. (computing) A computer program or the set of software that the end user perceives as a single entity as a tool for a well-defined purpose. (Also called: application program; application software.)
  3. A verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school.
December 31 is the deadline for applications
  1. (legalese) To beg, plead, petition, implore, entreat or request.
     
arnica Tweet Definition of arnica Like Definition of arnica on Facebook
noun 
  1. Any of several plants, of the genus Arnica, related to the sunflowers.
     
arsphenamine Tweet Definition of arsphenamine Like Definition of arsphenamine on Facebook
noun 
  1. (context, pharmaceutical drug, organic compound) A phenolic amine derivative of arsenic that was used to treat syphilis (under the trade name of Salvarsan).
    • 2001: The 606th compound was one that contained arsenic and was called . " Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 9)
     
aspirin Tweet Definition of aspirin Like Definition of aspirin on Facebook
noun (aspirins, -)
  1. (context, uncountable, pharmaceutical drug) An analgesic drug, acetylsalicylic acid.
  2. (countable) A tablet containing this substance.
     
assay Tweet Definition of assay Like Definition of assay on Facebook
noun 
  1. trial, attempt, essay.
  2. the qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis of something
     
atropine Tweet Definition of atropine Like Definition of atropine on Facebook
noun 
  1. (context, poison, pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid extracted from the plant deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other sources. Though overdoses would be fatal it is used as a drug in medicine for its paralytic effects (e.g. in surgery to relax muscles, in dentistry to dry the mouth, in ophthalmology to dilate the pupils).
     

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