| acetylcholine |
|
noun
-
(neurotransmitter) A neurotransmitter in humans and other animals. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula acetyl, CH<small>3</small>COoxygen, Omethylene, CH<small>2</small>methylene, CH<small>2</small>Nitrogen, N<small>ez_plus</small>(methyl, CH<small>3</small>)<small>3</small>.
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| acetylcholinesterase |
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noun
-
(enzyme) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.
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| ACTH |
|
initialism- adrenocorticotropic hormone
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| adenine |
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noun
-
(context, biochemistry, genetics) A base, C5H5N5, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.
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| adenosine |
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noun
-
(context, biochemistry, genetics) A nucleoside derived from adenine and ribose, found in striated muscle tissue.
-
2001: Caffeine acts as an antagonist at receptors in the brain for one of the chemical messengers called . " Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 82)
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| adenosine monophosphate |
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noun (abbreviated as AMP)
- a nucleotide, found in all animal muscle cells, reversibly convertible to adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate.
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| adenosine triphosphate |
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noun (abbreviation ATP)
-
(biochemistry) A nucleotide that occurs in muscle tissue, and is used as a source of energy in cellular reactions, and in the synthesis of nucleic acids.
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(neurotransmitter) A neurotransmitter recognised by purinergic receptors.
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| ADH |
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initialism- Antidiuretic Hormone
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| ADP |
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initialism
-
(biochemistry) adenosine diphosphate
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| adrenergic |
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adjective
- Having the quality of adrenaline or epinephrine.
- Containing or releasing adrenaline.
(seeCites)
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| AFP |
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initialism
- Australian Federal Police
- French: Agence France-Presse
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| ALA |
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initialism
- Alpha Linolenic Acid
- American Library Association
- Acacia Leadership Academy
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| alanine |
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noun
-
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid C3H7NO2 found in most animal proteins.
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| albumen |
|
noun (albumens, pl2=albumina, -)
- The white part of an egg; being mostly the protein albumin and water.
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| albumin |
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noun- A class of proteins that are soluble in water, and are coagulated by heat; they occur in egg white, milk etc
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| albuminous |
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adjective
- Of or pertaining to albumin.
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| aldosterone |
|
noun-
(steroid hormone) A mineralocorticoid hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, that regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.
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| amino acid |
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noun
-
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing both an amine, amino and a carboxylic acid functional group.
-
(biochemistry) Any of the twenty naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins.
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| aminotransferase |
|
noun
-
(enzyme) transaminase
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| AMP |
|
initialism
- adenosine monophosphate
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| amylase |
|
noun
-
(enzyme) Any of a class of digestive enzymes, present in saliva, that break down complex carbohydrates such as starch into simpler sugars such as glucose.
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| amyloid |
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noun
- A waxy compound of protein and polysaccharides that is found deposited in tissues in amyloidosis.
- Any of various starchlike substances.
adjective- Containing or resembling starch
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| androgen |
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noun
-
(steroid hormone) The generic term for any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. A male sex hormone such as testosterone or anabolic steroids.
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| androsterone |
|
noun-
(steroid hormone) An androgenic hormone, excreted in the urine, somewhat less active than testosterone.
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| anneal |
|
verb-
(context, metallurgy) To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen.
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| anthocyanin |
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noun
-
(organic chemistry) Any of many water-soluble red to violet plant pigments related to the flavonoids.
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| antibiotic |
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noun
-
(pharmacology) Any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms.
adjective
-
(pharmacology) Of or relating to antibiotics.
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| antioxidant |
|
noun
- any substance that acts to slow or prevent the oxidation of another chemical
- in nutrition, one of a group of vitamins that act against the effects of free radicals
adjective- acting or havirng agents that act against oxidation
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| antivitamin |
|
noun-
(biochemistry) any compound that inhibits the metabolic action of a vitamin
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| arachidonic acid |
|
noun
-
(biochemistry) A long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, found in animal fats; it is essential for human nutrition, being a precursor to the production of prostaglandins.
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| arginine |
|
noun
- An amino acid found in animal foods that plays an important role in several physiological processes
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| ascorbic acid |
|
noun
-
A white crystalline organic compound, C6H8O6, found in citrus fruits and many vegetables; it is an antioxidant and an efficient scavenger of free radicals.
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| ASP |
|
initialism
- Active Server Pages
- Application Service Provider
- An extensible baton, used by police and security officers. From the name of the manufacturer: Amalgamated Security Products.
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| aspartic acid |
|
noun
-
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, L-Î~+mn~-amino-succinic acid, (C4H7NO4), found in animal protein and in sugar beet etc.
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| ATP |
|
initialism
-
(biochemistry) adenosine triphosphate
-
(tennis) w:Association of Tennis Professionals, Association of Tennis Professionals
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| autolysis |
|
noun
-
(context, pathology, cytology) The destruction of an organism's cells by enzymes produced by the organism itself.
-
(pathology) The autodigestion of the tissues of an organism.
-
(pathology) The autocytolysis of blood cells.
- The decomposition of dead yeast cells in wine after fermentation.
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| auxin |
|
noun
-
(botany)A class of plant growth substance (often called phytohormones or plant hormones) which play an essential role in coordination of many growth and behavioral processes in the plant life cycle.
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