| schema |
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noun (pl=schemata, pl2=schemas)
- an outline or image universally applicable to a general conception, under which it is likely to be presented to the mind.
- (computing) A formal description of the structure of a database: the names of the tables, the names of the columns of each table, and the type and other attributes of each column. (And similarly for the descriptive information of other database-like structures, such as XML files.)
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| secularism |
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noun (uncountable)
- A position that religious belief should not influence public and governmental decisions
- The related political belief in the separation of church and state
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| skeptic |
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noun - Someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefs and claims presented by others, requiring strong evidence before accepting any belief or claim.
- Someone undecided as to what is true.
- A type of agnostic
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| skeptical |
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adjective
- Behaving like a skeptic.
- My teacher was skeptical when I told her my dog ate my homework.
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| skepticism |
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noun (US)
- The practice or philosophy of being a skeptic.
- A study, studied attitude of questioning and doubt
- The doctrine that absolute knowledge is not possible
- A methodology that starts from doubt and aims to acquire certainty
- Doubt or disbelief of religious doctrines
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| Socratic |
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proper noun
- a follower of Socrates.
adjective
- of or characteristic of the philosopher Socrates or his philosophical methods and/or views.
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| solipsism |
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noun
- The theory that the self is the only thing that can be known and verified.
- The theory or view that the self is the only reality.
- By extension, extreme selfishness with indulgence of all of one's own desires, feelings, and instincts
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| sophism |
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noun
- A flawed argument superficially correct in its reasoning, usually designed to deceive. An intentional fallacy.
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| sophist |
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noun - One of a class of men who taught eloquence, philosophy, and politics in ancient Greece; especially, one of those who, by their fallacious but plausible reasoning, puzzled inquirers after truth, weakened the faith of the people, and drew upon themselves general hatred and contempt.
- Hence, an impostor in argument; a captious or fallacious reasoner.
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| sophister |
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noun
- a sophist
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| sophistry |
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noun (sophistr, ies, -)
- (countable) An argument that seems plausible, but is fallacious or misleading, especially one devised deliberately to be so.
- (uncountable) The art of using deceptive speech or writing.
- (uncountable) cunning, Cunning or trickery.
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| sorites |
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noun
- (logic) A series of propositions whereby each conclusion is taken as the subject of the next.
- 1760: Why?"he would ask, making use of the or syllogism of Zeno and Chrysippus without knowing it belonged to them."Why? why are we a ruined people?"Because we are corrupted.""Whence is it, dear Sir, that we are corrupted?"Because we are needy ... ""And wherefore, he would add,"are we needy?""From the neglect, he would answer " Laurence Sterne, The Life & Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (Penguin 2003, p. 130)
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| spiritualism |
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noun
- A philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism, that claims transcendency of the divine being, the altogether spiritual character of reality and the value of inwardness of consciousness.
- A belief that the dead communicate with the living through a medium having special powers.
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| stoic |
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noun
- Proponent of a school of thought, from in 300 BCE up to about the time of w:Marcus Aurelius, Marcus Aurelius, who holds that by cultivating an understanding of the Logos, or natural law, that one can be free of suffering.
- a person indifferent to pleasure or pain
- a student of w:Stowe_School, Stowe School, England.
adjective
- of or related to the Stoics or their ideas; see Stoicism
- not affected by pain or distress
- not displaying any external signs of being affected by pain or distress
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| stoical |
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adjective
- Enduring pain and hardship without showing feeling or complaint.
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| stoicism |
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noun
- school of philosophy during the Roman Empire that emphasized reason as a means of understanding the natural state of things, or logos, and as a means of freeing oneself from emotional distress.
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| subaltern |
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noun
- a subordinate
- (british) a commissioned officer having a rank just below that of Captain
- (logic) A subaltern proposition; a proposition implied by a universal proposition. For example, some crows are black is a subaltern of all crows are black.
adjective
- of a lower rank or position; inferior or secondary
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| subject |
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noun
- (grammar) In a clause: the word or word group (usually a noun phrase) that is dealt with. In active clauses with verbs denoting an action, the and the actor are usually the same.
- "In the sentence "The mouse is eaten by the cat in the kitchen.", "The mouse" is the , "the cat" being the agent."
- The main topic of a paper, work of art, discussion, etc.
- A particular area of study.
- Her favorite is physics.
- A citizen in a monarchy.
- I am a British .
- A person ruled over by another, especially a monarch or state authority
verb
- (followed by to) To cause (someone or something) to undergo a particular experience, especially one that is unpleasant or unwanted.
adjective
- Pertaining to a person or people who are ruled by another.
- The Roman Empire ruled many territories.
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| subjective |
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adjective
- Pertaining to subjects as opposed to objects (A subject is one who perceives or is aware; an object is the thing perceived or the thing that the subject is aware of.)
- Formed, as in opinions, based upon subjective feelings or intuition, not upon observation or reasoning, which can be influenced by preconception; coming more from within the observer rather than from observations of the external environment.
- Resulting from or pertaining to personal mindsets or experience, arising from perceptive mental conditions within the brain and not necessarily from external stimuli.
- Lacking in reality or substance.
- As used by w:Carl Jung, Carl Jung the innate worldview orientation of the introverted personality types.
- (philosophy) and (psychology) Experienced by a person mentally and not directly verifiable by others
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| subjectivism |
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noun
- (philosophy) in metaphysics, the doctrine that reality is created or shaped by the mind
- (philosophy) in epistemology, the doctrine that knowledge is based in feelings or intuition
- (philosophy) in ethics, the doctrine that values and moral principles come from attitudes, convention, whim, or preference
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| subsistent |
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adjective
- actually existing
- inherent
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| substantial |
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adjective
- Belonging to substance; actually existing; real; as, substantial life.
- Not seeming or imaginary; not illusive; real; solid; true; veritable. "to do some good, is the compensation for much incidental imperfection" - Cardinal Newman, The Rise and Progress of Universities
- Corporeal; material; firm.
- Having good substance; strong; stout; solid; firm; as, substantial cloth; a substantial fence or wall.
- Possessed of goods or an estate; moderately wealthy; responsible; as, a substantial freeholder.
- Large in size or value; as, a substantial amount of money.
- Most important; essential.
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| substratum |
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noun (plural substrata)
- A layer that lies underneath another
- (figuratively) The underlying cause or basis of something
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| Superman |
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proper noun
- Name of a comic book, comic-book character (first published in June 1938), with superhuman powers, including the ability to fly, super strength, and extreme speed.
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| superordinate |
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noun (Plural: superordinates)
- That which is superordinate.
verb - To cause to be superordinate.
adjective - Greater in degree, rank or position
- (logic)The relation of a universal proposition to a specific proposition of the same form with the universal quantified variable replaced by a specific instance.
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| syllogism |
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noun
- (context, logic) An inference in which one proposition (the conclusion) follows necessarily from two other propositions, known as the premises.
(seeCites)
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| syllogistic |
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adjective
- of or pertaining to a syllogism
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| symbol |
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noun
- A character or glyph representing an idea, concept or object.
- example
- "$ is the for dollars in the US and some other countries"
- "'
- ' is the hash "
- Any object, typically material, which is meant to represent another (usually abstract) even if there is no meaningful relationship.
- example
- "The dollar has no relationship to the concept of currency or any related idea."
- (linguistics) A type of noun whereby the form refers to the same entity independently of the context; a symbol arbitrarily denotes a referent. See also icon and index.
- A summary of a dogmatic statement of faith.
- example
- The Apostles, Nicene Creed and the confessional books of Protestantism, such as the Augsburg Confession of Lutheranism are considered symbols.
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| symbolic |
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adjective
- Pertaining to a symbol.
- Referring to something with an implicit meaning.
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| symposium |
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noun (pl=symposiums, pl2=symposia)
- A conference or other meeting for discussion of a topic, especially one in which the participants make presentations.
- (in ancient Greece) A drinking party, especially one with intellectual discussion.
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| synthesis |
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noun (syntheses)
- the formation of something complex or coherent by combining simpler things
- (chemistry) the reaction of elements or compounds to form more complex compounds
- (logic) deduction from the general to the particular
- (philosophy) the combination of thesis and antithesis
- (Military) In intelligence usage, the examining and combining of processed information with other information and intelligence for final interpretation; (JP 1-02).
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