| abduction |
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noun
- (rfdate, make this into proper citation) The act of abduce, abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; a carrying away. " Roget
- (context, physiology) The movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body.
- The wrongful, and usually the forcible, carrying off of a human being.
- the of a child
- the of an heiress
- (logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only probable.
- 2005, Ronnie Cann, Ruth Kempson, Lutz Marten, The Dynamics of Language, an Introduction, p. 256
- : The significance of such a step is that it is not morphologically triggered: it is a step of , and what is required here is a meta-level process of reasoning.
- (computing) The process of inference to the best explanation; abductive reasoning.
- (context, education) The process used in getting students to see disciplinary regularity through the use of metaphor.
(rfex)
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| academicism |
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noun
- A tenet of the Academic philosophy.
- A mannerism or mode peculiar to an academy.
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| academism |
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noun - (obsolete): The doctrines of the Academic philosophy - Baxter
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| acatalepsy |
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noun - Incomprehensibility of things; the doctrine held by the ancient Skeptic philosophers, that human knowledge never amounts to certainty, but only to probability.
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| accident |
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noun
- Literally, a befalling; an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency; often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; as, to die by an
- Shakespeare, Othello, I-iii:
- : Of moving accidents by flood and field.
- Trench:
- : Thou cam'st not to thy place by : It is the very place God meant for thee.
- (grammar) A property attached to a word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case.
- (military) An unplanned event that results in injury (including death) or occupational illness to person(s) and/or damage to property, exclusive of injury and/or damage caused by action of an enemy or hostile force.
- (context, Heraldry) A point or mark which may be retained or omitted in a coat of arms
- (logic) A property or quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as whiteness in paper; an attribute
- (logic) A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as sweetness, softness.
- Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an accidental or nonessential; as, beauty is an .
- w:J. P. Mahaffy, J. P. Mahaffy:
- : This , as I call it, of Athens being situated some miles from the sea.
- (obsolete) unusual, Unusual appearance or effect - Chaucer
- casus; such unforeseen, extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of ordinary calculation.
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| accidentalism |
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noun - Accidental character or effect - Ruskin
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| actualism |
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noun
- (philosophy) The belief that actuality and existence are co-extensive - i.e., that only actual things exist, that there are not, in addition to the actual, any possiblia (possible entities).
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| aesthetic |
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noun
- The study of art or beauty.
- That which appeals to the senses.
adjective
- Concerned with beauty, artistic impact, or appearance.
- It works well enough, but the shabby exterior offends his sensibilities.
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| aesthetically |
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adverb
- In an aesthetic manner; with a pleasing sensory effect.
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| aestheticism |
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noun
- A doctrine which holds aesthetics or beauty as the highest ideal or most basic standard.
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| aesthetics |
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noun
- The study or philosophy of beauty.
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| affection |
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noun
- The act of affect, affecting or acting upon; the state of being affected.
- An attribute; a quality or property; a condition; a bodily state; as, figure, weight, etc., are affections of bodies.
- Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion; as, the benevolent affections, esteem, gratitude, etc.; the malevolent affections, hatred, envy, etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency.
- A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous or tender attachment
- Usage note: often in the plural; formerly followed by "to", but now more generally by "for" or "toward(s)"; as, filial, social, or conjugal affections; to have an affection for or towards children
- (medicine) Disease; morbid symptom; malady; as, a pulmonary affection. --Dunglison.
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| affirmative |
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noun
- Yes; an answer that shows agreement or acceptance.
- That's an Houston, the space shuttle has lost the secondary thrusters.
- 10-4 good buddy. That's an - the tractor trailer is in the ditch at the side of the highway.
- (italbrac, grammatical terminology) An answer that shows agreement or acceptance.
adjective
- pertaining to truth; asserting that something is
- pertaining to any assertion or active confirmation that favors a particular result
- positive
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| agnostic |
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noun
- A person who holds to a form of agnosticism, especially uncertainty of the existence of a deity.
adjective
- Of or relating to agnosticism or its adherents.
- His viewpoint is summarized in his book.
- doubtful, Doubtful or uncertain about the existence or demonstrability of God or other deity.
- She left the church when she became .
- (context, computing) A software component (or other entity) that is unaware or noncommittal regarding the specific nature of the components with which it interacts; polymorphism, polymorphic; modular; pluggable
- The socket communications layer is with regards to its underlying transport mechanism -- it is "transport-".
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| agnosticism |
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noun
- the view that absolute truth or ultimate certainty is unattainable, especially regarding knowledge not based on experience or perceivable phenomena.
- the view that the existence of God or of all deity, deities is unknown, unknowable, unproven, or unprovable.
- doubt, uncertainty, or skepticism regarding the existence of God or of all deities.
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| alethiology |
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noun - (logic) The branch of logic dealing with truth and error.
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| alternative |
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noun
- A situation which allows a choice between two or more possibilities.
- A choice between two or more possibilities.
- One of several things which can be chosen.
adjective
- Having more than one choice.
- Other.
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| amphiboly |
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noun (amphibolies)
- (grammar) An ambiguous grammatical construction.
- 1931, Adrian Coates, "Philosophy as Criticism and Point of View," Philosophy, vol. 6, no. 23, p. 339,
- :By logical errors I mean such simple things as Equivocation, Amphiboly, and Begging the Question.
- 1987, Jeffrey Buechner, "Radically Misinterpreting Radical Interpretation," The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, vol. 45, no. 4, p. 410,
- :The language might be fraught with word ambiguity or sentence .
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| analogy |
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noun (analogi, es)
- The use of a similar example or model to explain or extrapolate from.
- The birthing class instructor used a balloon and a ping-pong ball as an for the baby in the womb.
- Many use the Gospels' of a mustard seed growing into a huge plant to explain faith.
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| analysis |
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noun (countable and uncountable; plural analyses)
- The action of taking something apart in order to study it.
- (uncountable) (math) The mathematical study of functions, sequences, series, limits, derivatives and integrals.
- (logic) Proof by deduction from known truths.
- (uncountable) (chemistry) The process of breaking a substance down into its constituent parts.
- (countable) (chemistry) The result of this process.
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| analytic |
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adjective
- of, or relating to any form of analysis, or to analytics
- of, or relating to division into elements or principles
- having the ability to analyse
- (logic) (of a proposition) that follows necessarily; tautologous
- (mathematics) of, or relating to algebra or a similar method of analysis
- (mathematics) being defined in terms of objects of differential calculus such as derivatives
- (linguistics) using multiple simple words, instead of inflection
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| anamnesis |
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noun (anamnes, es, -)
- the ability to recall past events; recollection
- (medicine) the medical history of a patient
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| AND |
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noun
- (logic) Alternative form of �, the conjunction operator.
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| animism |
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noun
- the belief that spirits inhabit natural objects or phenomena
- the belief that an immaterial force animates the universe
- worldviews and lifeways founded on the understanding that the world is a community of living persons (most of whom are other-than-human) deserving respect, in which people learn through life how to show respect in locally appropriate ways
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| anschauung |
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noun - (context, philosophy, Kantianism) Sense-perception.
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| antecedent |
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noun
- any thing that precedes another thing, especially the cause of the second thing
- (in plural) one's ancestors
- (grammar) a word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun
- In "The policeman asked the boy what he was doing" the phrase "the boy" is the of the pronoun "he".
- (logic) The conditional part of a hypothetical proposition
adjective
- earlier either in time or order
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| anthropology |
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noun
- the holistic scientific and social study of humanity
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| anthroposophy |
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noun
- A spiritual philosophy that maintains that anyone who "conscientiously cultivates sense-free thinking" can have insights into the spiritual world.
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| antilogy |
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noun (plural antilogies)
- A contradiction in related terms or ideas. Usually an inconsistency in syllogisms, of a person or group supposedly of one set of ideals.
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| antinomy |
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noun (antinomies)
- Contradiction or opposition, especially between two laws or rules.
- A contradiction between principles or conclusions that seem equally necessary and reasonable.
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| antithesis |
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noun (antitheses)
- a proposition that is the diametric opposite of some other proposition.
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| apathy |
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noun - Complete lack of emotion or motivation about a person, activity, or object; depression; lack of interest or enthusiasm; disinterest.
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| aporia |
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noun (plural: aporiae)
- a figure of speech in which the speaker pauses rhetorically to express uncertainty or doubt as to how to proceed: How can I describe the beauty of the desert?.
- An insoluble contradiction in a text's meaning.
- Any kind of logical impasse suggested by a text or speaker.
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| a posteriori |
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adjective
- (logic) Involving deduction of theories from facts.
adverb
- (logic) In a manner that deduces theories from facts.
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| appearance |
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noun
- The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye; as, his sudden appearance surprised me.
- A thing seen; a phenomenon; a phase; an apparition; as, an appearance in the sky.
- Personal presence; exhibition of the person; look; aspect; mien.
- And now am come to see . . . It thy appearance answer loud report. --Milton.
- Semblance, or apparent likeness; external show. pl. Outward signs, or circumstances, fitted to make a particular impression or to determine the judgment as to the character of a person or a thing, an act or a state; as, appearances are against him.
- There was upon the tabernacle, as it were, the appearance of fire. --Num. ix. 15.
- For man looketh on the outward appearance. --1 Sam. xvi. 7.
- Judge not according to the appearance. --John. vii. 24.
- The act of appearing in a particular place, or in society, a company, or any proceedings; a coming before the public in a particular character; as, a person makes his appearance as an historian, an artist, or an orator.
- Will he now retire, After appearance, and again prolong Our expectation? --Milton.
- The coming into court of either of the parties; the being present in court; the coming into court of a party summoned in an action, either by himself or by his attorney, expressed by a formal entry by the proper officer to that effect; the act or proceeding by which a party proceeded against places himself before the court, and submits to its jurisdiction. --Burrill. --Bouvier. --Daniell.
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| a priori |
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adjective
- (law, Latinate) Known ahead of time.
- (logic) Based on hypothesis rather than experiment.
- a priori knowledge
- Self-evident, intuitively obvious
adverb
- (logic) Derived by logic.
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| Aristotelian |
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noun - A disciple of Aristotle; see peripatetic.
adjective - Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by Aristotle, or to his followers.
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| asceticism |
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noun
- The principles and practices of an ascetic; extreme self-denial and austerity
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| atheism |
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noun
- Absence of belief in the existence of God or deity, gods.
- Disbelief in the existence of God or deity, gods.
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| atheist |
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noun
- A person who does not believe that deity, deities exist; one who lacks belief in gods.
- 2006, Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion, page 51:
- : Atheists do not have faith; and reason alone could not propel one to total conviction that anything definitely does not exist.
- A person who believes that no deity, deities exist; one who deny, denies the existence of all gods.
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| atheistic |
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adjective - of or relating to atheists or atheism
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| attribute |
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noun
- A characteristic or quality of a thing.
- His finest is his kindness.
- (computing) The applicable option selection; a variable or a value.
- This packet has its coherency set to zero.
verb (attribut, ing)
- (used with to before the object) To associate ownership or authorship with.
- This poem is attributed to Browning.
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| automatism |
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noun
- A disassociative state where a person suffering has no control over their actions.
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| averroism |
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noun
- The tenets of the Averroists, having to do with the doctrine of monopsychism.
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| axiology |
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noun (axiolog, ies)
- (context, uncountable, philosophy) The study of the origin, nature, functions, types, and interrelations of values; value theory.
- (countable) The particular value theory of a philosopher, school of thought, etc.
- In his , G. E. Moore maintains that "good" is the name of a simple, indefinable quality.
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