see|AND|Ã¥nd
wikipedia
English
rank|-|the|of|3|and|to|in|I
Etymology
From ME. < OE. term|and|langang, term|ond|langang||thereupon, next < PG. *term||unda < PIE. *term||anti|facing opposite, near, in front of, before.
Pronunciation
(stressed) IPA|/ænd/, SAMPA|/{nd/, AHD|�nd
audio|en-us-and.ogg|Audio (US)
(unstressed) IPA|/�n(d)/, SAMPA|/@n(d)/, AHD|�n(d)
audio|en-us-ham-and-eggs.ogg|Audio (US) The unstressed and as part of the phrase �ham and eggs�.
Conjunction
en-conj
- Used to connect two homogeneous (similar) words or phrases.
- Used at the end of a list to indicate the last item.
#: bread, butter, and cheese
- Used to join sentences or sentence fragments in chronological order.
- Used to indicate causation.
#: Ask me the definition of �and� again and I�ll scream.
Quotations
seecites
Usage notes
rel-top|Usage notes
<ol><li>Beginning a sentence with term|and or any other conjunction is considered incorrect by classical grammarians, but use of the word in this way is very common. The practice will be found in literature from Anglo-Saxon times onwards, especially as an aid to continuity in narrative and dialogue. The OED provides examples from the 9<sup>th</sup> century to the 19<sup>th</sup> century, including one from Shakespeare�s King John: �Arthur. Must you with hot Irons, burne out both mine eyes? Hubert. Young boy, I must. Arthur. And will you? Hubert. And I will.� It is also used for other rhetorical purposes, especially to denote surprise
<blockquote>(O John! and you have seen him! And are you really going?�1884</blockquote>
in OED) and sometimes just to introduce an improvised afterthought
<blockquote>(I�m going to swim. And don�t you dare watch�G. Butler, 1983)</blockquote>
It is however poor style to separate short statements into separate sentences when no special effect is needed: I opened the door and I looked into the room (not I opened the door. And I looked into the room).
<li>term|and|And is often omitted for contextual effects of various kinds, especially between sequences of descriptive adjectives which can be separated by commas or simply by spaces
<blockquote>(The teeming jerrybuilt dun-coloured traffic-ridden deafening city�Penelope Lively, 1987)</blockquote>
term|and all|And all is a well-established tag added to the end of a statement, as in
<blockquote>Isn�t it amazing? He has a Ph.D. and all�J. Shute, 1992</blockquote>
. With the nominal meaning �also, besides, in addition�, the use has origins in dialect, as can be seen from the material from many regions given in the English Dialect Dictionary (often written in special ways, e.g., term||ano�, term||an�-all, term||an� a�). In many of the examples it seems to lack any perceptible lexical meaning and to be just a rhythmical device to eke out a sentence.
<li>term|and|And also has special uses: to show progression (faster and faster), cause and effect (do that and I�ll send you to bed)� duration (they ran and ran), a large number or quantity (miles and miles), and addition (four and four are eight), purpose (where term|and replaces term|to: Try and come tomorrow).
<li>Another special use, recorded in the OED from the 16<sup>th</sup> century, is to express �a difference of quality between things of the same name or class�, as in W.S. Gilbert�s lines from the Gondoliers (1889): �Well, as to that, of course there are kings and kings. When I say I detest kings I mean I detest bad kings�. To this we may add some modern examples:
<blockquote>There are ways to steal and there are ways to steal�New Yorker, 1988</blockquote>
<blockquote>There is homelessness and homelessness. The word has become a shibboleth for opposition politicians and the �caring� media � The sort of homelessness which means despair is quite different from the sort that means adventure�Times, 1991</blockquote></ol>
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Synonyms
sense|used to connect two similar words or phrases as well as, together with, in addition to
Translations
trans-top|Used to connect two similar words, phrases, et cetera
Albanian: dhe
Amharic: � (n�), �� (�an�)
Arabic: -ARchar|Ù�#Arabic|Ù� (wa-)
Aramaic:
Armenian: Ö� (yev)
Basque: eta#Basque|eta, ta#Basque|ta
Belarusian: �
Bosnian: i#Bosnian|i
Breton: ha#Breton|ha, hag#Breton|hag (before a vowel)
Bulgarian: и#Bulgarian|и (i)
Catalan: i
Cherokee: á� á�´ (ale)
Chinese: å�� (hé), å�� (jÃ), 以å�� (yÇ�jÃ)
Chuvash: �а�а
Cornish:
Croatian: i
Czech: a#Czech|a
Danish: og
Dutch: en#Dutch|en
Esperanto: kaj
Estonian: ja#Estonian|ja
Finnish: ja#Finnish|ja, sekä, ynnä (archaic)
French: t|fr|et
Frisian: en#Frisian|en
Georgian: �� (da)
German: und
Greek: και (kai)
GuaranÃ: ha#GuaranÃ|ha
Hausa: dà #Hausa|dÃ
Hawaiian: ame, a#Hawaiian|a
Hebrew: -� (ve-)
Hindi: �र (aur)
Hungarian: és
Icelandic: og
Ido: e
Igbo: na#Igbo|na, also n'#Igbo|n' (if the next word is a vowel, esp. "a")
Indonesian: dan#Indonesian|dan
Interlingua: e#Interlingua|e (rarely: et)
Irish: agus
Italian: t|it|e, t|it|ed
Japanese: t|ja|scJpan|�|trto, t|ja|scJpan|��|trkatsu, t|ja|scJpan|��|trtoka, t|ja|scJpan|�|trya
Kannada: ವ�ತ�ತ� (vuttu), ಹಾ�� (h�gū)
Khmer: KMchar|��� (ning)
Korean: t|ko|scHang|ì��|trwa, t|ko|scHang|ê³¼|trgwa, t|ko|scHang|ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ |trgeurigo
Kurdish: û, herwiha, hem
trans-mid
Lakota: na#Lakota|na
Latin: et#Latin|et, at#Latin|at, atque, -que
Latvian: un#Latvian|un
Lithuanian: ir#Lithuanian|ir
Macedonian: и (i)
Maltese: u#Maltese|u
Manx: as
Maori: me, a
Marathi: �णि (�ni), व (va)
Navajo: dóó
Norwegian: og
Novial: e
Ojibwe: dash#Ojibwe|dash, idash, gaye#Ojibwe|gaye, ge#Ojibwe|ge, miinawaa
Old High German: anti, enti
Old Norse: ok#Old Norse|ok
Old Prussian: be
Old Saxon: anda, endi
Persian: FAchar|�#Persian|� (væ)
Polish: t|pl|i
Portuguese: t|pt|e
Punjabi: lang|pa|�ਤ� (at�)
Romanian: �i
Romansch: e (becoming ed before a vowel)
Russian: t|ru|scCyrl|и|tri
Scottish Gaelic: agus
Serbian: t|sr|sc=Cyrl|и, t|sr|i
Sanskrit: � (ca)
Sindhi: SDchar|۽ (aee�)
Slovak: a#Slovak|a, i#Slovak|i
Slovene: in, ter, pa
Somali: iyo
Spanish: t|es|y, t|es|e
Swahili: na#Swahili|na
Swedish: och
Tamazight: â´· (d)
Telugu: మరియ� (mariyu)
Thai: THchar|�ละ (l��), THchar|�ั� (gà p)
Tok Pisin: na#Tok Pisin|na, wantaim
Turkish: ve, ile#Turkish|ile
Ukrainian: �#Ukrainian|� (i) / й#Ukrainian|й (j), �а#Ukrainian|�а (ta)
Urdu: URchar|ا�ر (aur)
Vietnamese: vÃ
Welsh: italbrac|preconsonantal a#Welsh|a, italbrac|prevocalic ac#Welsh|ac
Xhosa: na#Xhosa|na- / ne#Xhosa|ne- / ni#Xhosa|ni- / no#Xhosa|no- / nu#Xhosa|nu-
Yiddish: ��� (un)
trans-bottom
trans-top|Used at the end of a list to indicate the last item
Basque: eta#Basque|eta, ta#Basque|ta
Bosnian: i#Bosnian|i
Bulgarian: и#Bulgarian|и (i)
Catalan: i#Catalan|i
Cherokee: á� á�´ (ale)
Cornish:
Czech: a#Czech|a
Danish: og
Dutch: en#Dutch|en
Esperanto: kaj
Estonian: ja#Estonian|ja
Finnish: ja#Finnish|ja
French: et
Frisian: en#Frisian|en
German: und
Greek: και (kai)
Hebrew: -� (va-)
Hungarian: és
Icelandic: og
Interlingua: e#Interlingua|e (rarely: et)
Irish: agus
Italian: e#Italian|e (optionally becoming ed#Italian|ed before a vowel for euphony)
Japanese: ��� (���, soshite)
Khmer: KMchar|��� (ning)
trans-mid
Kurdish: û
Maltese: u
Norwegian: og
Old Prussian: be
Persian: FAchar|�#Persian|� (væ)
Polish: i#Polish|i
Portuguese: e#Portuguese|e
Romanian: �i
Russian: и#Russian|и (i)
Scottish Gaelic: agus
Serbian: t|sr|sc=Cyrl|и, t|sr|i
Sindhi: SDchar|۽ (aee�)
Slovak: a#Slovak|a, i#Slovak|i
Slovene: in, ter, pa
Spanish: t|es|y, t|es|e
Swedish: och
Tok Pisin: na#Tok Pisin|na
Ukrainian: �#Ukrainian|� / й#Ukrainian|й (j), �а#Ukrainian|�а (ta)
Welsh: italbrac|preconsonantal a#Welsh|a, italbrac|prevocalic ac#Welsh|ac
Xhosa: na#Xhosa|na- / ne#Xhosa|ne- / ni#Xhosa|ni- / no#Xhosa|no- / nu#Xhosa|nu-
trans-bottom
trans-top|Used to string together sentences or sentence fragments in chronological order
Cherokee: á� á�´ (ale)
Cornish:
Czech: a#Czech|a
Irish: agus
Japanese: �� (shite), � (te)
Khmer: KMchar|á��á�½á��á��á� á�¸á�� (ruech haey)
Kurdish: û
trans-mid
Maltese: u
Norwegian: og
Ojibwe: mii dash, miish
Russian: t|ru|scCyrl|а|tra, t|ru|scCyrl|но|trno (adversative), t|ru|scCyrl|и|tri
Ukrainian: �#Ukrainian|� (i) / й#Ukrainian|й (j), �а#Ukrainian|�а (ta), а#Ukrainian|а (a)
Xhosa: yaye
trans-bottom
trans-top|Used to show causation
Cherokee: á� á�´ (ale)
Czech: a#Czech|a
Norwegian: t|no|og, t|no|så
trans-mid
Sindhi: SDchar|۽ (aee�)
trans-bottom
checktrans
trans-top|Translations to be checked
ttbc|Maori: me, a, hoki, m�, ah�, r�ua ko, r�tua ko
trans-mid
trans-bottom
Anagrams
Dan
DNA
nad
Category:100 English basic words
Category:English coordinating conjunctions
Category:English coordinators
Amharic
numeral|Amharic
infl|am|numeral
- cardinal|lang=am one.
Danish
Noun
and
- duck
Estonian
Etymology
From the same Finno-Ugric root *term||amta as Finnish term|antaa and Hungarian term|ad#Hungarian|ad
Noun
and
- gift
Category:Estonian nouns
Norwegian
Noun
no-noun-irreg|c|anda/anden|ender|endene
- duck
Old English
Etymology
Common Germanic *term||andi
Conjunction
infl|ang|conjunction
- and
Preposition
infl|ang|preposition
- with
- against
Swedish
Pronunciation
audio|Sv-and.ogg|audio
Noun
sv-noun-reg-r-c|2ande|3ände
and c
- a wild duck
See also
anka (domesticated duck)
Category:Positive words
Category:Swedish nouns
af:and
ar:and
da:and
de:and
et:and
el:and
es:and
fr:and
gl:and
ko:and
hy:and
io:and
id:and
it:and
kk:and
ku:and
la:and
lt:and
hu:and
ms:and
na:and
ja:and
no:and
nn:and
pl:and
pt:and
ru:and
simple:and
sk:and
sr:and
fi:and
sv:and
ta:and
te:and
vi:and
tr:and
uk:and
zh:and
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