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Glossary of Pathology Terms beginning with letter C
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caisson disease noun (pathology) (nautical) the painful condition in which bubbles of nitrogen form in body tissues after a person makes too-rapid a transition from high atmospheric pressure to lower atmospheric pressure. calculus noun (calculi, -) (countable) (mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules. vector calculus (uncountable) (analysis) differential calculus, Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject. (countable) (medicine) A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ. renal calculus ( = kidney stone) (uncountable) (dentistry) Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth. callous adjective emotion, Emotionally hardened; unfeeling and indifferent to the suffering of others. She was so that she could criticise a cancer patient for wearing a wig. Having calluses. cancerate verb (cancerates, cancerated, cancerating) to cause cancer canker noun (botany) A plant disease marked by gradual decay. A corrode, corroding or sloughing ulcer; especially a spreading gangrenous ulcer or collection of ulcers in or about the mouth. -- called also. Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or destroys. A kind of wild, worthless rose; the dog rose. An obstinate and often incurable disease of a horse's foot, characterized by separation of the horny portion and the development of fungoid growths. Usually resulting from neglected thrush. verb (transitive) To affect as a canker; to eat away; to corrode; to consume. (transitive) To infect or pollute; to corrupt. (intransitive) To waste away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a mineral. To be or become diseased, or as if diseased, with canker; to grow corrupt; to become venomous. carbuncle noun (archaic) A deep-red or fiery colored garnet or other dark red precious stone, especially when cut cabochon. 1602. s:Hamlet, Hamlet by w:William Shakespeare, William Shakespeare, act 2 scene 2 line 401: : With eyes like carbuncles, the hellish Pyrrhus... 1611. Old Testament, King James Version, Isaiah 54:12: :And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones. An abscess larger than a boil, usually with one or more openings draining pus onto the skin. It is usually caused by bacterial infection. carcinogen noun a substance or agent that can cause cancer carcinoma noun An invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body. cardiac arrest noun (context, cardiology, pathology) Sudden and completion cessation of the heartbeat resulting in the loss of effective circulation of the blood. cardiomyopathy noun (plural cardiomyopathies) (pathology) The deterioration of the heart muscle. carphology noun carphologia carsick adjective dizzy or feeling nauseated due to riding in a vehicle; suffering from motion sickness carsickness noun motion sickness due to riding in a vehicle. cast noun A supportive and immobilising device used to help mend broken bones. The doctor put a on the boy"s broken arm. The collective group of people performing a play or production together. He"s in the of Oliver. The casting procedure. A small mass of earth excreted by a worm. An object made in a mould. The mould used to make cast objects; as, a plaster cast. A squint. visual, Visual appearance. Her features had a delicate to them. (rfex, the ones without) verb (casts, casting, cast, ) To throw forcefully. He a stone at the dog. To throw something down or toss something aside. to away fear She the die. To throw a fishing line or net into the water. The fisherman the net into the sea. To assign a role in a play or performance. The director the part carefully. (computing) To change a variable type from, for example, integer to real, or integer to text. Casting is generally an indication of bad design. Make by pouring into a mould. (of animals) To lose the hair or fur of the coat, usually in spring. (context, of fabric) To twist or warp. (nautical) To bring the bows of a sailing ship on to the required tack just as the anchor is weighed by use of the headsail. (nautical) To heave the lead and line in order to ascertain the depth of water. (context, accountancy) To add up a column of figures; cross-cast refers to adding up a row of figures. (rfex) catarrh noun (pathology) inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. cauliflower ear noun An ear swollen and deformed by repeated blows, common among boxers. cavern noun caverns a large cave an underground chamber cerebral palsy noun (context, neurology, pathology) A group of conditions, caused by brain damage before birth or during infancy, characterized by impairment of muscular coordination. cf abbreviation or cf. confer: compare see also initialism CF (computing) Collaborative Filtering Chagas' disease noun (disease) A form of trypanosomiasis prevalent in South America, caused by a parasitic trypanosome. It is transmitted to mammals such as humans through an insect bite. Symptoms include fever, oedema, cardiomyopathy, and enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes; and can be fatal. chancre noun Skin lesion, sometimes associated with certain contagious diseases like syphilis. charley horse noun A muscle cramp, usually in the thigh or leg. chickenpox noun (chicken pox) (pathology) A common childhood disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), also known as human herpes virus 3 (HHV-3). chilblain noun (pathology) An itchy purple red inflammation of the skin, especially of the hands, feet and ears. It occurs when capillary, capillaries below the skin are damaged by exposure to cold weather. chlamydia noun (s, pl2=chlamydiae, -) (context, pathology, uncountable) Any of several common, often asymptomatic, sexually transmitted diseases caused by the microorganism Chlamydia trachomatis (context, zoology, countable) Any of various coccoid microorganisms of the genus Chlamydia that are pathogenic to humans and other animals cholera noun (pathology) Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration chordee noun (medicine) an abnormal downward curve to the erect penis 1963: Enderby, blinking and squinting, noting that he had slept with his teeth in, wondering where he had put his contact lenses, was emboldened by morning to say, "Oughtn"t you to come back to bed for a while?" " Anthony Burgess, Inside Mr Enderby chorea noun An ancient Greek circle dance accompanied by a chorus. (medicine) Any of various diseases of the nervous system characterized by involuntary muscular movements of the face and extremities; St. Vitus's dance. chronic noun (slang) marijuana, Marijuana, typically of high quality. adjective (context, of a problem) That which continues over an extended period of time, often associated with suffering ("long suffering"). (medicine) Prolonged or slow to heal. The opposite of acute. (medicine) A condition of extended duration, either continuous or marked by frequent recurrence. Sometimes implies a worsening condition (a condition which gets worse with each recurrence), though this definition is not inherent in the term. inveterate, Inveterate or habitual. a smoker (informal) Very bad, awful. that concert was (informal) Extremely serious. they left him in a condition cirrhosis noun (cirrhos, es) (pathology) A chronic disease of the liver caused by damage from toxins (including alcohol), metabolic problems, hepatitis or nutritional deprivation. It is characterised by an increase of fibrous tissue and the destruction of liver cells. claudication noun a temporary cramp-like pain in the calf muscles a specific limp caused by this pain cleft lip noun (teratology) harelip cleft palate noun (teratology) An abnormal condition in which the two plates of the skull that form the hard palate (roof of the mouth) are not completely joined. clonic adjective pertaining to clonus; having irregular, convulsive spasms. 1973: Hospital attendants stand by to drag the children off, drooling, screaming, having convulsions. " Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow clonus noun (medicine) a muscular spasm with regular contractions cold noun A condition of low temperature. Come in, out of the . (medicine) A common, usually harmless, viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever. I caught a miserable and had to stay home for a week. adjective (context, of a thing) having a low temperature. A wind whistled through the trees. (context, of the weather) causing the air to be cold. The forecast is that it will be very today. (context, of a person or animal) feeling the sensation of coldness, especially to the point of discomfort. She was so she was shivering. Unfriendly, emotionally distant or unfeeling. She shot me a glance before turning her back. Completely unprepared. The speaker went in and floundered for a topic. cold sore noun a small bump on the lips resulting from infection by the herpes virus colitis noun (pathology) inflammation of the colon. comatose adjective resembling a coma: unconscious drowsy or lethargic comedo noun (plural comedones) a blackhead 1964: Lying on, in, under her, I pore with squinnying eyes on a mole on that browngold rivercolour riverripple skin with its smell of sun, or else a tiny unsqueezed by the flat and splaying nose. " Anthony Burgess, Nothing Like the Sun common cold noun (pathology) A very common, mild viral infection of the nose and throat, whose symptoms include sneezing, sniffling, a running or blocked nose, a sore throat, coughing and a headache. complication noun The act or process of complicate, complicating; the state of being complicated; intricate or confused relation of parts; entanglement; complexity. (medicine) A disease or diseases, or adventitious circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and modifying a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with it. compromised verb (past of, compromise) adjective Having been compromised. concretion noun the process of coalescing into a mass any solid, hard mass (geology) a rounded mass of a mineral, sometimes found in sedimentary rock or on the ocean floor concussion noun a violent collision or shock an injury to part of the body, most especially the brain, caused by a violent blow, followed by loss of function congest verb To overfill or overcrowd. consolidation noun The act or process of consolidate, consolidating, making firm, or uniting; the state of being consolidated; solidification; combination. The combination of several actions into one. constipation noun Act of crowding anything into a lesser compass, or the state of being crowded or pressed together; condensation. A state of the bowels in which the evacuations are infrequent and difficult, or the intestines become filled with hardened faeces; costiveness. contagion noun A disease spread by contact The spread or transmission of such a disease The spread of anything harmful, as if it were such a disease contagious adjective ((compar) more contagious, (superl) most contagious) Of a disease, easily transmitted to others. Of a fashion, laughter, etc, easily passed on to others. Of a person, having a disease that can be transmitted to another person by touch. contuse verb (contus, ing) to bruise 1965: His mouth had been struck or kicked. The lips were severely contused, reddened. " John Fowles, The Magus contusion noun A wound, such as a bruise, in which the skin is not broken; often having broken blood vessels and discolouration convulsion noun An intense, paroxysmal, involuntary muscular contraction. An uncontrolled fit, as of laughter; a paroxysm. Violent turmoil. Earthquakes and convulsions* of nature shake Earth on a regular basis.* COPD initialism (wikipedia, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) (medicine) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease corn noun (archaic) A grain or seed. (uncountable) The grain obtained from a plant, especially of cereal crops.<ref>(cite web , title = Corn , publisher = Oxford University Press , work = Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary , url = http://www.oup.com/oald-bin/web_getald7index1a.pl?search_word=corn)</ref><ref>(cite web , title = Corn , publisher = Merriam-Webster Incorporated , work = Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary , url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/corn(/i))</ref> (uncountable) A cereal plant grown for its grain (locally denoting the leading crop of that district, i.e. oats in parts of Scotland and Ireland, wheat, barley etc. in England and Wales, maize in the Americas).<ref>(cite web , title = Corn , publisher = Oxford University Press , work = Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary , url = http://www.oup.com/oald-bin/web_getald7index1a.pl?search_word=corn)</ref><ref>(cite web , title = Corn , publisher = Merriam-Webster Incorporated , work = Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary , url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/corn(/i))</ref> (US, uncountable) maize, Maize. (context, US, Canada) Sweetcorn<ref>(cite web , title = Corn , publisher = Merriam-Webster Incorporated , work = Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary , url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/corn)</ref><ref>(cite web , title = Sweetcorn , publisher = Oxford University Press , work = Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary , url = http://www.oup.com/oald-bin/web_getald7index1a.pl?search_word=sweetcorn(/i))</ref> (Zea mays var. rugosa).<ref>(cite web , title = Sweetorn , publisher = Merriam-Webster Incorporated , work = Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary , url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sweetcorn(/i))</ref> verb (context, US, Canada) To granulate - form a substance into grains. (context, US, Canada) To preserve using coarse salt, e.g. Corned beef. (context, US, Canada) To provide with corn (typically maize) for feed. e.g. Corn the horses. corny adjective (corn, ier) Insipid or trite. The duct tape and wire were a pretty solution. Hackneyed or excessively sentimental. The movie was okay, but the love scene was really . coronary noun (plural coronaries) A coronary thrombosis or heart attack. Manny had a coronary last week, followed by a triple bypass. adjective Crown-shaped, resembling or encircling as a crown, especially with regard to the artery, arteries or veins of the heart. coronary thrombosis noun (context, cardiology, pathology) thrombosis, Thrombosis of a coronary artery, that is a blockage to the blood flow in a coronary artery of the heart caused by a blood clot, leading to myocardial infarction. coryza noun (pathology) Inflammation of the mucus membranes lining the nasal cavity, usually causing a running nose, nasal congestion and loss of smell. cough noun (symptom) A sudden, usually noisy expulsion of air from the lungs, often involuntary. Behind me, I heard a distinct, dry . A condition that causes one to cough; a tendency to cough. Sorry, I can't come to work today " I've got a nasty . verb To push air from the lungs in a quick, noisy explosion. I breathed in a load of smoke by mistake, and started to . To make a noise like a cough The engine coughed* and sputtered.* cradle cap noun (medicine) A form of seborrheic dermatitis that occurs on the scalp of infants cramp noun A painful contraction of a muscle which cannot be controlled. A clamp for carpentry or masonry. verb (intransitive) (of a muscle) To contract painfully and uncontrollable, uncontrollably. (transitive) To prohibit movement or expression. You're cramping* my style.* (transitive) To restrain to a specific physical position. You're going to need to the wheels on this hill. cretin noun A person who fails to develop mentally and physically due to a congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones. (pejorative) An idiot. cretinism noun (disease) A condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to the untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease noun (abbreviation CJD) (context, disease, neurology) A rare, progressive, currently fatal disease of the nervous system, characterized by dementia and loss of muscle control. A prion disease, apparently transmissible from animals to humans by eating infected tissue, as well as from tissue interchanges among humans (corneal transplants, blood transfusions). crib death noun (plural crib deaths) (pathology) (US) The unexplained death of a baby usually while sleeping. crick noun A painful muscular cramp or spasm of some part of the body, as of the neck or back, making it difficult to move the part affected. (US regional) Spelling variant of creek. crocodile tears noun A display of tears that was forced or is false. A deceptive showing of grief. Crohn's disease noun (disease) Crohn's regional enteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease, that can involve any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. croup noun The rump of a horse. verb (obsolete, except, dialectal) To croak, make a hoarse noise. = cyanosis noun (cyanoses) (pathology) A blue discolouration of the skin due to the circulation of blood low in oxygen. cycloplegia noun paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation cyst noun A pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and containing morbid matter, which develops in one of the natural cavities or in the substance of an organ. cystic fibrosis noun (pathology) An inherited condition in which the exocrine glands produce abnormally viscous mucus, causing chronic respiratory and digestive problems. cystitis noun (cystitides) (pathology) inflammation of the urinary bladder. cytopathology noun (context, cytology, pathology) The branch of pathology that deals with abnormalities of cells.

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