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Glossary of Philosophy Terms
beginning with letter M
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manifold
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noun
  1. (context, now historical) A copy made by the manifold writing process.
  2. (mechanics) A pipe fitting or similar device that connects multiple inputs or outputs.
  3. (context, US regional, plural) The third stomach of a ruminant animal.
    • 1830 http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agexed/aee501/sheep.html Anson, Somerset Co. Me., accessed 12 June 2007
    • :My conjecture being right he will find the third stomach, or manifolds, the seat of difficulty.
      1. (mathematics) A topological space that looks locally like the "ordinary" Euclidean space <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math> and is a Hausdorff space.
adjective
  1. various, Various in kind or quality; many in number; numerous; multiplied; complicated; diverse.(rfex)
  2. exhibit, Exhibited at diverse times or in various ways.
c1384 ... the manyfold grace of God. " I Petre 4:10 (http://wesley.nnu.edu/biblical_studies/wycliffe/ Wycliffe's Bible)
1611 The manifold wisdom of God. " http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Ephesians?oldid=448367
  • Chapter_3
  • Ephesians 3:10. (King James Bible)
material
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noun
  1. Matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something.
Asphalt, composed of oil and sand, is a widely used for roads.
  1. Cloth to be made into a garment.
You'll need about a yard of to make this.
  1. (entertainment) Things written to be performed.
We were a warm-up act at the time; we didn't have enough original to headline.
  1. A person who is qualified for a certain position or activity.
Joe Manchin is a great governor, and I also believe he is presidential .
adjective
  1. Having to do with matter.
This compound has a number of interesting properties.
  1. Worldly, as opposed to spiritual.
Don't let concerns get in the way of living a good life.
  1. significant
You've made several contributions to this project.
This is the most fact in this lawsuit.
materialism
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noun
  1. Constant concern over material possessions and wealth; a great or excessive regard for worldly concerns.
  2. The philosophical belief that nothing exists beyond what is physical (also called physicalism).
materially
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adverb
  1. In a material manner; pertaining to physical entities.
mean
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noun
  1. (mathematics) Any function of multiple variables that satisfies certain properties and yields a number representative of its arguments.
  2. (context, mathematics, more, _, specifically) The arithmetic mean.
  3. (mathematics) Either of the two numbers in the middle of a proportion, as 2 and 3 in 1:2=3:6.
  4. Commonly, an intermediate value.
verb (means, meaning, meant)
  1. (transitive) To convey, signify, or indicate.
What does this hieroglyph ?
The sky is red this morning&mdash;does that we're in for a storm?
  1. (transitive) To want or intend to convey.
I'm afraid I don't understand what you .
Say what you and mean what you say.
  1. (transitive) To intend; to plan on doing.
I didn't to knock your tooth out.
I mean to go to Baddeck this summer.
I meant to take the car in for a smog check, but it slipped my mind.
  1. (transitive) To have conviction in what one says.
Does she really what she said to him last night?
Say what you mean and what you say.
  1. (transitive) To have intentions of a some kind.
Don't be angry; she meant well.
Someone's coming up. He means business.
  1. (transitive) To result in; to bring about.
One faltering step means certain death.
adjective
  1. Causing or intending to cause intentional harm; bearing ill will towards another; cruel; malicious.
Watch out for her, she's . I said good morning to her, and she punched me in the nose.
  1. Miserly; stingy.
''He's so . I've never seen him spend so much as five pounds on presents for his children.
  1. Selfish; acting without consideration of others; unkind.
It was to steal the girl's piggy bank, but he just had to get uptown and he had no cash of his own.
  1. Powerful; fierce; harsh; damaging.
It must have been a typhoon that levelled this town.
  1. Accomplished with great skill; deft; hard to compete with.
Your mother can roll a cigarette.
He hits a backhand.
  1. Low in quality; inferior.
mechanical
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adjective
  1. Related to mechanics, done by machine
mechanism
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noun
  1. Within a machine or machinery; any mechanical means for the conversion or control of motion, or the transmission or control of power
  2. Any combination of cams, gears, links, belts, chains and logical mechanical elements
  3. A group of objects or parts that interact together. (Political machine)
  4. A mental, physical or chemical process.
  1. (philosophy) A theory that all natural phenomena can be explained by physical causes.
metaphysical
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adjective
  1. Of or pertaining to metaphysics.
  2. immaterial, Immaterial, supersensual, not physical (more properly, "beyond" that which is physical).
metaphysics
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noun
  1. (philosophy) The branch of philosophy which studies fundamental principles intended to describe or explain all that is, and which are not themselves explained by anything more fundamental; the study of first principles; the study of being insofar as it is being (ens in quantum ens).
Philosophers sometimes say that is the study of the ultimate furniture of the universe.
  1. (philosophy) The view or theory of a particular philosopher or school of thinkers concerning the first principles which describe or explain all that is.
The of Thomas Aquinas holds that all real beings have both essence and existence.
In Aristotelian physical objects have both form and matter.
In his Pensées, Pascal mentioned some first principles recognized within his : space, time, motion, and number.
  1. (context, by extension from the philosophical sense) Any fundamental principles or rules.
    • 1990, Lance Morrow, "http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,969082,00.html Gorbachev: The Unlikely Patron of Change," Time, 1 Jan,
    • :The of global power has changed. Markets are now more valuable than territory.
      1. The study of a supersensual realm or of phenomena which transcend the physical world.
      I have a collection of books on , covering astral projection, reincarnation, and communication with spirits.
      1. A displeasingly abstruse, complex written work on any subject.
      This political polemic strikes me as a protracted piece of overwrought, fog shrouded !
mixed
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verb
  1. (past of, mix)
adjective
  1. Having two or more separate aspects.
I get a very feeling from this painting.
  1. Not completely pure.
My joy was somewhat when my girlfriend said she was pregnant; it's a lot of responsibility.
  1. Including both men and women.
The tennis match was with a male and a female on each side.
''My son attends a school, unlike my daughter, who goes to the local all-girl grammar school.
modal
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noun
  1. a modal auxiliary
adjective
  1. of, or relating to a mode
  2. (grammar) of, relating to, or describing the mood of a clause
  3. (music) of, relating to, or composed in the moods of medieval ecclesiastical music
  4. (logic) of, or relating to modality
  5. (computer science) requiring immediate user interaction (often used as modal dialog or modal window)
modality
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noun (modalities)
  1. the state of being modal
  2. (logic) the classification of propositions on the basis on whether they claim possibility, impossibility, contingency or necessity; mode
  3. (linguistics) the inflection of a verb that shows how its action is conceived by the speaker; mood
  4. (medicine) any method of therapy that involves therapeutic treatment
  5. any of the senses (such as sight or taste)
momentum
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noun (pl2=momenta)
  1. (physics) (of a body in motion) the product of its mass and velocity.
  2. The impetus, either of a body in motion, or of an idea or course of events.
    • 1843, Nathaniel Hawthorne, "The Old Apple Dealer", in Mosses from an Old Manse
    • :The travellers swarm forth from the cars. All are full of the which they have caught from their mode of conveyance.
    • 1882, Thomas Hardy, Two on a Tower
    • :Their intention to become husband and wife, at first halting and timorous, had accumulated with the lapse of hours, till it now bore down every obstacle in its course.
monism
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noun
  1. The doctrine of the oneness and unity of reality, despite the appearance of diversity in the world.
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