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Glossary of Chemistry Terms
beginning with letter V
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valence electron
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noun
  1. (chemistry) any of the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom; capable of forming bonds with other atoms
valency
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noun
  1. (graphtheory) The number of edges connected to a vertex in a graph
  2. (chemistry) (mostly British) valence
  3. (linguistics) The capacity of a verb to take a specific number of arguments
    (wikipedia, valency (linguistics))
valeric acid
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noun
  1. (chemistry) a short chain aliphatic carboxylic acid, CH3(CH2)3COOH, obtained from the roots of valerian; used in perfume, flavourings, pharmaceuticals
vanadate
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noun
  1. (chemistry) any salt of vanadic acid
  2. (chemistry) any of the corresponding anions, VO3, VO4, or V2O7
vanadic acid
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noun
  1. (chemistry) any of various hydrated forms of vanadium pentoxide
vanadium
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noun
  1. A chemical element , (symbol V) with an atomic number of 23; it is a transition metal, used in the production of specialist steels.
vanadium pentoxide
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noun (wikipedia, Vanadium(V) oxide)
  1. (chemistry) an orange crystalline powder, V2O5, used as a catalyst in the production of sulphuric acid etc.
vanillin
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noun
  1. The name of a chemical compound, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, which is the primary constituent of vanilla.
  2. Synthetic compound used as a substitute for the extract of the vanilla bean.
varnish
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noun
  1. A type of paint with a solvent that evaporates to leave a hard, transparent, glossy film.
  2. Anything resembling such a paint.
  3. By extension: A deceptively showy appearance.
verb (varnish, es)
  1. (intransitive) To apply varnish.
  2. (transitive) To cover up with varnish.
  3. (transitive) To gloss over a defect.
Venus
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proper noun
  1. (Roman mythology) the goddess of love, beauty, and natural productivity
  2. The second planet in our solar system, named for the goddess; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♀.
VI
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abbreviation
  1. US Virgin Islands
vinyl
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noun
  1. (context, chemistry, uncountable) The univalent radical CH2=CH−, derived from ethylene
  2. (countable) Any of various compounds and substances containing the vinyl radical, especially various tough, flexible, shiny plastics
  3. (context, collectively, uncountable) phonograph record, Phonograph records as a medium
    Many DJs prefer vinyl to CDs.
adjective
  1. (chemistry) containing the vinyl radical
  2. Made of polyvinyl chloride.
vinyl chloride
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noun
  1. (chemistry) A colourless gas, CH2=CHCl, used in the manufacture of the plastic polyvinyl chloride
viscose
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noun
  1. A viscous orange-brown liquid obtained by chemical treatment of cellulose and used as the basis of manufacturng rayon and cellulose film.
  2. A fabric made from this material.
vitriol
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noun
  1. (dated) sulphuric acid and various metal sulphates
  2. (context, by extension) bitterly abusive language; invective or vituperation
vitriolic
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adjective
  1. of, derived from, or similar to a vitriol
  2. bitterly scathing; caustic: vitriolic criticism
  3. (chemistry): Of or pertaining to vitriol; derived from, or resembling, vitriol; vitriolous; as, a vitriolic taste.
volatile
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adjective
  1. (physics) evaporating or vaporizing readily under normal conditions
  2. (chemistry) (informal) explosive
  3. (context, of a price etc) variable or erratic
  4. fickle
  5. temporary or ephemeral
  6. (context, of a situation) potentially violent
vulcanize
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verb (vulcanizes, vulcanizing, vulcanized, vulcanized)
  1. To treat rubber with heat and (usually) sulphur to harden it and make it more durable.
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