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Glossary of Chemistry Terms beginning with letter O
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O noun The fifteenth letter of the Appendix:Roman script, English alphabet, preceded by N and followed by P. A blood type that has no antigens and may only receive type O blood and nothing else, but may donate to all. abbreviation (cricket) The number of overs bowled. occlude verb (occlud, ing) To obstruct, cover, or otherwise block an opening. octad noun a group of eight things octane noun (chemistry) Any of the eighteen isomeric aliphatic hydrocarbons (C₈H₁₈) found in petroleum, especially an iso-octane 2,2,4 trimethyl-pentane; they are used as fuels and solvents octane number noun a measure of the antiknock properties of an automobile fuel; isooctane having an octane number of 100, a fuel with the same antiknock properties as a mixture of 90% isooctane and 10% heptane having an octane number of 90 octavalent adjective (chemistry) having a valence of 8 oil noun liquid, Liquid fat. petroleum, Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant. verb (transitive) to lubricate with oil (transitive) to grease with oil for cooking oil of wintergreen noun The aromatic oil obtained from the berries of the wintergreen plant; mostly methyl salicylate; used medicinally and in perfumes oily adjective (oilier, oiliest) Relating to oil. Smeared with or containing oil. (figurative) Excessively friendly or polite so as to sound insincere. oleate noun (chemistry) any salt or ester of oleic acid olefin noun (organic chemistry) Any of a class of unsaturated open-chain hydrocarbons such as ethylene; an alkene with only one carbon-carbon double bond. oleic acid noun an unsaturated fatty acid found in olive oil and very many other vegetable and animal oils and fats; it is used for making soap, cosmetics etc. (chemistry) cis-9-octadecenoic acid oleum noun (inorganic compound) A solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid. oligomer noun (chemistry) a compound intermediate between a monomer and a polymer, normally having a specified number of units between about five and a hundred. oligosaccharide noun (chemistry) a polysaccharide of low molecular weight, being a polymer of between three and seven monosaccharide units optical activity noun (wikipedia, optical rotation) (chemistry) a property caused by asymmetrical molecular or crystal structure that enables a compound or crystal to rotate the plane of incident polarized light optical isomer noun (chemistry) either one of a number of compounds that exhibit optical isomerism orcein noun (chemistry) a dye, related to litmus, that is extracted from the lichen Rocella tinctoria; used as a microscopic stain and as a food colouring orchil noun Any of several lichens, especially those of the genera Roccella and Lecanora. The dye, orcein, extracted from them. organic adjective (biology) pertaining to, derived from, like, of the nature of, an organ of the body (chemistry) relating to the compounds of carbon, relating to natural products of food or food products, grown in an environment free from artificial agro-chemicals, and possibly certified organic by a regulatory body. (sociology) a form of social solidarity theorized by Emile Durkheim that is characterized by voluntary engagements in complex interdepencies for mutual benefit (such as business agreements), rather than mechanical solidarity, which depends on ascribed relations between people (as in a family or tribe). organic chemistry noun (chemistry) The chemistry of carbon-containing compounds, especially those that occur naturally in living organisms. organometallic adjective (chemistry) of, or relating to organic compounds having a metal atom directly bonded to a carbon atom organosilicon adjective (chemistry) describing any of a series of derivatives of silicon that have at least one alkyl or aryl group, especially one containing at least one carbon-silicon bond OS initialism Ordnance Survey operating system oculus sinister () - left eye outsize osmium noun a heavy metallic chemical element (symbol Os) with an atomic number of 76. osmium tetroxide noun (chemistry) an oxide of the metal osmium, OsO?₄; it is very poisonous, has a pungent smell and can cause blindness; it is a powerful oxidizing agent, and is used to stain biological materials osmotic pressure noun (physics) The hydrostatic pressure exerted by a solution across a semipermeable membrane from a pure solvent; the pressure needed to counteract osmosis outgas verb To release gaseous substances into the air, especially of a polymer material as it is aged or heated. oxalic adjective Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, sorrel, or oxalis; specifically, an acid found in, and characteristic of, oxalis. oxalic acid noun (organic compound) A colourless, crystalline poisonous dicarboxylic acid, (COOH)₂, found in rhubarb, spinach and other plants, often as crystals of the calcium salt. oxidant noun an oxidizing agent oxidate verb to oxidate (obsolete),(chemistry) to oxidize oxidation noun The combination of a substance with oxygen. (chemistry) A reaction in which the atoms of an element lose electrons and the valence of the element increases. oxidation state noun (chemistry) the state of an atom having a particular oxidation number oxide noun (chemistry) A binary chemical compound of oxygen with another chemical element. oxidimetry noun (chemistry) any form of volumetric analysis using an oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganate oxidize verb (oxidizes, oxidizing, oxidized) (chemistry, transitive) To combine with oxygen or otherwise make an oxide. (chemistry) To increase the valence (or the positive charge) of an element by removing electrons. To coat something with an oxide. (intransitive) To become oxidized. oxidizer noun (chemistry) An oxidizing agent, especially one used to oxidize the fuel of a rocket or a fuel cell oxidizing agent noun (chemistry) any substance that oxidizes, or receives electrons from, another; in so doing, it becomes reduced oxime noun (organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds, of general formula RR'C=NOH, derived from the condensation of an aldehyde (R' = H) or ketone with hydroxylamine. oxy- prefix Concerning oxygen Sharp, keen, acute, pungent, acid oxyacetylene noun A mixture of oxygen and acetylene; burns at a high temperature and is used for cutting and welding metals. adjective Using this mixture e.g. an oxyacetylene torch oxyacid noun (chemistry) An acid containing oxygen, as opposed to a hydracid. oxychloride noun (chemistry) A ternary compound of oxygen and chlorine. oxygen noun A chemical element (symbol O) with an atomic number of 8 and relative atomic mass of 15.9994. An atom of this element. Molecular oxygen (O₂), a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature. (medicine) A mixture of oxygen and other gases, administered to a patient to help him or her to breathe. oxygenize verb (oxygenizes, oxygenizing, oxygenized) To oxidize. To oxygenate. oxyhydrogen adjective of, or using a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen ozonide noun (chemistry) the univalent anion, O₃^{-, derived from ozone} (chemistry) any dark red salt of this anion and a metal (chemistry) any of a number of explosive organic compounds containing a -O-O-O- group (chemistry) any of a class of heterocycles, containing two carbon atoms (in positions 3 and 5) and three oxygen atoms (in positions 1, 2 and 4) produced by the reaction of ozone with a carbon to carbon double bond; the 1,2,4-trioxolanes

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