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Glossary of Chemistry Terms beginning with letter M
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macromolecule noun (chemistry),(biochemistry) a very large molecule, especially used in reference to large biological polymers (e.g. nucleic acids and proteins). Magenta proper noun a town in Northern Italy, site of the w:Battle of Magenta, Battle of Magenta after which the color magenta was named. magnesium noun A light, flammable, silvery metal, and a chemical element (symbol Mg) with an atomic number of 12. magnesium light noun a magnesium lamp the intense light from such a lamp maleate noun any salt or ester of maleic acid maleic acid noun (or cis-butenedioic acid) (chemistry) an unsaturated organic dicarboxylic acid, HOOCCH=CHCOOH, the geometric isomer of fumaric acid; it is found in unripe fruit, and is used industrially in the production of polyester resins malic adjective Pertaining to apples. (seeCites) category:Fruits maltha noun thick mineral pitch maltol noun (chemistry) a substituted pyranone found in the bark and needles of some conifers and in roasted malt maltose noun (carbohydrate) A disaccharide, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ formed from the digestion of starch by amylase; is converted to glucose by maltase. manganese noun a metallic chemical element (symbol Mn) with an atomic number of 25. manganic adjective (chemistry) Containing manganese in its higher oxidation states. manganite noun (geology) a dark gray mineral of manganese, MnO?(OH), found throughout North America and Europe manganous adjective (chemistry) Containing manganese in its +2 oxidation state. mannitol noun (chemistry) a polyhydroxy alcohol, an isomer of sorbitol, used as an artificial sweetener mantle noun a piece of clothing somewhat like an open robe or cloak, especially that worn by Orthodox bishops (figuratively) anything that covers or conceals something else the zone of hot gases around a flame; the gauzy incandescent covering of a gas lamp (anatomy) the cerebral cortex (geology) the layer between the Earth's core and crust (zoology) the body wall of a mollusc/mollusk An alternative spelling mantel (wikipedia, mantle (geology)) (wikipedia, mantle (mollusc)) margaric acid noun (chemistry) A saturated fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₅COOH (heptadecanoic acid), that (because it has an odd number of carbon atoms) does not occur in nature massicot noun (chemistry) lead monoxide, PbO?, obtained as a yellow amorphous powder, the fused and crystalline form of which is called litharge; lead ocher. It is used as a pigment; also, lead oxide yellow, as opposed to red lead, which is lead tetroxide Pb₃O₄. Note Massicot is sometimes used by painters, and also as a drier in the composition of ointments and plasters. Quotations 1952: Besides orpiment, already referred to, one occasionally gets mention of , a yellow lead paint. — L.F. Salzman, Building in England, p. 169. mechanochemistry noun (chemistry) The reaction of substances, in the absence of a solvent, effected by grinding solid reactants (chemistry) The direct manipulation of individual molecules using an atomic force microscope melamine noun (chemistry) a strong aromatic heterocyclic base, tri-amino-triazine, used, in combination with formaldehyde to manufacture melamine resins such as Formica™ mercaptan noun (chemistry) A class of organic compounds of sulphur, ( R₁.S.R₂ ); they tend to be foul-smelling. When R₂ is a Hydrogen atom, they are termed thiols or thio-alcohols. mercaptide noun (obsolete),(chemistry) thiolate mercurial noun A chemical containing mercury. adjective Relating to the Roman god Mercury. Relating to the planet Mercury. Having characteristics of the Roman god Mercury, such as speed. contain, Containing the element mercury. volatile, Volatile. mercuric adjective (chemistry) Pertaining to or derived from mercury. (chemistry) Of a compound, containing mercury with an oxidation number of 2. mercurous adjective (chemistry) Pertaining to or derived from mercury. (chemistry) Of a compound, containing mercury with an oxidation number of 1. Mercury proper noun The Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger. He wore winged sandals. Mercury corresponded to the Greek god Hermes. The planet in the solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by â˜¿. metallocene noun (chemistry) any of a class of organic compound containing two cyclopentadienyl anions and a transition metal whose bonding involves overlap of ns and np orbitals of the metal with molecular orbitals of appropriate symmetry of each cyclopentadienyl ring; the rings are either parallel to each other, or sometimes canted metaphosphate noun (chemistry) any salt or ester of metaphosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid noun (chemistry) an anhydrous form of phosphoric acid that exists as a polymeric glassy solid, (HPO₃)_n; used as a drying agent and in dental cement metathesis noun (metatheses) the transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word, such as in ask as /í¦ks/ (chemistry) the double decomposition of inorganic salts (chemistry) the breaking and reforming of double bonds in olefins in which substituent groups are swapped methacrylate noun (organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of methacrylic acid, especially an ester used in the manufacture of resins and plastics. A resin manufactured from methacrylic acid or a methacrylate. methacrylic acid noun (organic compound) A colourless liquid, an unsaturated organic acid, used in the manufacture of resins and plastics, it has the chemical formula CH₂:C(CH₃)COOH methane noun (context, organic compound, uncountable) The simplest aliphatic hydrocarbon, CH₄, being a constituent of natural gas. (context, organic chemistry, countable) Any of very many derivatives of methane. methanol noun (organic compound) The simplest aliphatic alcohol, CH₃OH; a colourless, toxic, inflammable liquid, used as a solvent, antifreeze, in the chemical industry, and in the preparation of methylated spirit. methenamine noun an alternative name of hexamine methoxide noun (chemistry) the anion CH₃O^− derived from methanol by the loss of a proton (chemistry) any salt of this anion methyl noun (organic compound) The univalent hydrocarbon radical, CH₃, formally derived from methane by the loss of a proton methylamine noun (organic compound) The simplest aliphatic amine, CH₃NH₂, a toxic gas, having many industrial applications. methylated spirits noun alternative name for methylated spirit methylation noun (chemistry) the addition of a methyl group to a molecule (genetics) the addition of a methyl group to cytosine and adenine residues in DNA that leads to the epigenetic modification of DNA and the reduction of gene expression and protein production methylene noun (organic chemistry) The divalent radical CH₂< in which the free valencies are part of single bonds. (organic chemistry) The same group, present as a repeating unit, in aliphatic compounds with names such as hexamethylenediamine. (organic chemistry) The unstable carbene CH₂: micelle noun a colloidal aggregate, in a simple geometric form, of a specific number of amphipathic molecules which forms at a well-defined concentration, called the critical micelle concentration microgram noun A unit of mass equal to 0.000 001 grams and with symbol µg/Î¼g. micron noun (physics) A measure of length; the thousandth part of one millimeter; the millionth part of a meter. microprobe noun (chemistry) an instrument used to determine the chemical composition at a point on a solid surface, such as that of a mineral; analyzes the X-rays emitted when a beam of electrons are focused on the sample molal adjective (chemistry) Of or designating a solution that contains one mole of solute per 1000g of solvent molality noun (molalities) (chemistry) the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number moles of solute per kilogram of solvent molar noun a back tooth having a broad surface used for grinding one's food. adjective of, or relating to the molar teeth, or to grinding molarity noun (molarities) (chemistry) the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number moles of solute per litre of solution mole noun A pigmented spot on the skin, a naevus. molecularity noun (molecularities, -) (uncountable) The state of being molecular (chemistry) (of a reaction) The number or molecules that react directly with one another molecule noun in chemistry, the smallest particle of a specific element or compound that retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds a tiny amount molybdate noun (chemistry) the anion MoO?₄^2− (chemistry) any salt of molybdic acid molybdenum noun a metallic chemical element (symbol Mo) with an atomic number of 42. monad noun An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible. monatomic adjective (chemistry) Of an element, consisting of a single atom in the molecule; for example: the noble gases. Note: strictly speaking, a molecule has at least two atoms. monoatomic adjective alternative spelling of monatomic monobasic adjective (chemistry) (of an acid) containing one replaceable hydrogen atom (chemistry) (of a salt) having one atom of a univalent metal monochloride noun (chemistry) any chloride containing a single chlorine atom in each molecule monocyclic adjective Having a single cycle of development or activity. (chemistry) Having a single ring of atoms in the molecule; such as benzene or cyclopropane. monoglyceride noun (chemistry) a lipid, an ester of glycerol and one fatty acid (in the 1- or 2- positions) monomer noun (chemistry) A relatively small molecule which can be covalently bonded to other monomers to form a polymer. monophosphate noun (chemistry) any compound containing a single phosphate unit monoprotic adjective (chemistry) Having a single hydrogen atom; monobasic monosaccharide noun (carbohydrate) A simple sugar such as glucose, fructose or deoxyribose that has a single ring. monosodium noun (chemistry) (in combination) one atom of sodium in a compound monoxide noun (chemistry) any oxide containing a single oxygen atom in each molecule muriate adjective (context, obsolete, chemistry) chloride muriatic acid noun (context, obsolete, chemical compound) hydrochloric acid muscarine noun (biochemistry) An extremely poisonous alkaloid obtained from certain mushrooms. mustard gas noun a vesicant gas, bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide, (ClC?₂H₄)₂S, once used in chemical warfare; one of the sulfur mustard class of compounds MV abbreviation motor vessel motor vehicle merchant vessel myristic acid noun (chemistry) a saturated fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COOH, tetradecanoic acid, found in both animal and vegetable oils and fats; used in the manufacture of soap, cosmetics etc.

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