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Glossary of Chemistry Terms beginning with letter F
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F noun The sixth letter of the Appendix:Roman script, English alphabet, preceded by E and followed by G. A failing grade in a class or course. The next best grade is a D. Some institutions issue Es instead of Fs. fat-soluble adjective soluble in lipids, and in organic solvents that tends to accumulate in the adipose tissue of the body ferrate noun (chemistry) The anion FeO?₄^2- in which iron is in a +6 formal oxidation state. ferric adjective Pertaining to, derived from, or containing iron. (chemistry) of compounds of iron in which it has a valence or oxidation number of 3 ferricyanide noun (chemistry) any of various salts containing the trivalent anion Fe(CN)₆^3-; used in making blue pigments (chemistry) a complex ion in which a central ferric iron atom is surrounded by six cyanide ions ferrite noun the interstitial solid solution of carbon in body-centered cubic iron any of a class of metal oxides which show ferrimagnetism; used in transformers, inductors, antennas, recording heads, microwave devices, motors and loudspeakers (inorganic compound) The anion FeO?₂^2-, and any of the salts (formally derived from the unknown ferrous acid) derived from it ferrocene noun any of a class of metallocenes containing an iron atom between two cyclopentadienyl rings; especially the simplest of the class bis-cyclopentadienyl iron ferrocyanide noun (chemistry) any of various salts containing the trivalent anion Fe(CN)₆^4-; used in making blue pigments (chemistry) a complex ion in which a central ferrous iron atom is surrounded by six cyanide ions ferrous adjective of, or containing iron (chemistry) of compounds of iron in which it has a valence or oxidation number of 2 fiber noun (fibre, fibres outside US) (countable) A single piece of a given material, elongated and roughly round in cross-section, often twisted with other fibers to form thread. The microscope showed a single blue stuck to the sole of the shoe. (uncountable) Material in the form of fibers. The cloth was made from strange, somewhat rough . (textiles) A material whose length is 1000 times its width or more. Please find use polyester for this shirt. Dietary fiber. Fresh vegetables are a good source of fiber'.'' Moral strength and resolve. The ordeal was a test of everyone's . (mathematics) The preimage of a given point in the range of a map. Under this map, any two values in the of a given point on the circle differ by 2π filter noun A device which separates a suspended, dissolved, or particulate matter from a fluid, solution, or other substance; any device that separates one substance from another. Electronics or software that separates unwanted signals (for example noise) from wanted signals or that attenuates selected frequencies. Any item, mechanism, device or procedure that acts to separate or isolate. He runs an email to catch the junk mail. verb (transitive) To sort, sift, or isolate. This strainer should out the large particles. (transitive) To diffuse; to cause to be less concentrated or focused. The leaves of the trees filtered* the light.* (intransitive) To pass through a filter or to act as though passing through a filter. The water filtered* through the rock and soil.* (intransitive) To move slowly or gradually; to come or go a few at a time. The crowd filtered* into the theater.* filtrate noun The liquid or solution that has passed through a filter, and which has been separated from the filtride. verb (filtrat, ing) To filter. firework noun A device using gunpowder and other chemicals which, when lit, emits a combination of coloured flames, sparks, whistles or bangs for entertainment purposes. Fischer-Tropsch process noun (organic chemistry) The synthesis of hydrocarbons by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. fishtail noun The tail of a fish, or an object resembling this. verb (intransitive) To swing the back of a vehicle (originally an aircraft) from side to side. As we approached the runway, the pilot fishtailed* slightly to reduce landing speed.* (intransitive) (idiom) To move with the tail swinging from side to side in this way. The car fishtailed* down the muddy lane.* flash point noun ((plural): flash points) The lowest temperature at which a liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid. A hotspot; a dangerous place of violent political unrest flavone noun (chemistry) any of a class of tricyclic aromatic heterocyclic ketones, especially the naturally occurring flavonoids (chemistry) the parent compound of this class floc noun An alternative word for floccule. A soft or fluffy particle suspended in a liquid or the fluffy mass of suspended particles so formed. Floc may be mineral as for clay, chemical as in water treatment or biology, biological as in sewage treatment. flocculent adjective flocculated, Flocculated, resembling bits of wool, woolly. Covered in a woolly substance; downy. flaky, Flaky. flower noun (botany) A reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), typically including sepals, petals, stamens, and ovary, ovaries; often conspicuously colourful. 1894, w:H. G. Wells, H. G. Wells, s:The Flowering of the Strange Orchid, The Flowering of the Strange Orchid You know, Darwin studied their fertilisation, and showed that the whole structure of an ordinary orchid was contrived in order that moths might carry the pollen from plant to plant. (vulgar, hypocoristic) The vulva, especially the labia majora. An inflorescence that resembles a flower, but actually contains many small florets, such as a sunflower. A plant that bears flowers. We transplanted the flowers* to a larger pot.* (context, usually with in) Of plants, a state of bearing blooms. The dogwoods are in this week. (idiomatic) The best examples or representatives of a group. We selected the of the applicants. (idiomatic) The best state of things; the prime. She was in the of her life. verb To put forth blooms. (idiomatic) To reach a state of full development or great achievement. fluor- prefix (chemistry) Form of fluoro- used before a vowel. fluoresce verb (fluoresc, ing) (intransitive, physics) To emit electromagnetic radiation, especially visible light, when absorbing radiation of some other wavelength. (context, intransitive, of colours) to be very bright, easy to see, dayglo. fluorescein noun (chemistry) any of a class of yellow xanthene dyes which are visible when highly diluted; used forensically to detect traces of blood, and in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations fluoric adjective (chemistry) Pertaining to, obtained from or containing fluorine. fluoridate verb (fluoridates, fluoridating, fluoridated, fluoridated) (context, chemistry, dentistry) To add fluoride to something, especially to drinking water in order to reduce tooth decay. fluoride noun (chemistry) Any salt of hydrofluoric acid; for example, potassium fluoride. (chemistry) A binary compound of fluorine and another element or radical. fluorimeter noun a fluorometer fluorinate verb (fluorinates, fluorinating, fluorinated, fluorinated) (context, chemistry, transitive) To introduce fluorine into a compound. fluoro- prefix (also fluor- before a vowel) fluorine fluorocarbon noun (chemistry) any derivative of a hydrocarbon in which every hydrogen atom has been replaced by fluorine fluorometer noun An instrument used to detect, and measure fluorescence FM abbreviation (geography) Federated States of Micronesia initialism Frequency Modulation foam noun A substance composed of a large collection of bubbles or their solidified remains. He doesn't like so much in his beer. A mat can soften a hard seat. verb To form or emit a foam; to bubble. fog noun A new growth of grass appearing on a field that has been mowed or grazed. Tall and decaying grass left standing after the cutting or grazing season. (Scottish) moss, Moss. verb (fog, g, ed) (intransitive) To become covered with or as if with fog. (intransitive) To become obscured in condensation or water. The mirror fogged* every time he showered.* (context, intransitive, photography) To become dim or obscure. (transitive) To cover with or as if with fog. (transitive) To obscure in condensation or water. (transitive) To make confusing or obscure. (context, transitive, photography) To make dim or obscure. formaldehyde noun (organic compound) The simplest aldehyde, H-CHO, a colourless gas having many industrial applications; it dissolves in water to give formalin. formalin noun (organic chemistry) A clear, colorless, aqueous solution of 37% formaldehyde; used as a disinfectant and to preserve biological specimens. formate noun (chemistry) any salt or ester of formic acid formic adjective Pertaining to, or derived from, ants; as, formic acid. formula noun (plural formulae in scientific use, formulas in informal use) (mathematics) Any mathematical rule expressed symbolically. <math>x = \frac {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}</math> is the formula for finding the roots of the quadratic equation y = ax² + bx + c. (chemistry) A symbolic expression of the structure of a compound. H₂O is the formula for water (Dihydrogen monoxide) A plan of action intended to solve a problem. A formulation; a prescription; a mixture or solution made in a prescribed manner; the identity and quanties of ingredients of such a mixture. The formula of the rocket fuel has not been revealed. fraction $Tweet Definition of fraction$ $Like Definition of fraction on Facebook$ noun a part of a whole, especially a comparatively small part. (arithmetic) a ratio of two integers, the numerator and the denominator, usually written one above the other and separated by a vinculum (horizontal bar) (chemistry) a component of a mixture, separated by fractionation. In a Eucharistic service, the breaking of the Host. verb divide or break into fractions. fractional $Tweet Definition of fractional$ $Like Definition of fractional on Facebook$ adjective Pertaining to a fraction. divide, Divided; fragmentary; incomplete. Very small; minute. francium noun A metallic chemical element (symbol Fr) with an atomic number of 87. freezing point noun the temperature at which a liquid freezes, and the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium; normally the same as the melting point Friedel-Crafts reaction noun (chemistry) a substitution reaction in which an alkyl or acyl functional group replaces a hydrogen atom of an aromatic nucleus; it is catalyzed by aluminium chloride fullerene noun any of a class of allotropes of carbon having hollow molecules whose atoms lie at the vertices of a polyhedron having 12 pentagonal and 2 or more hexagonal faces fulminate noun (chemistry) Any salt or ester of fulminic acid; mostly explosive. fulminic acid noun (chemistry) Iso-cyanic acid, HCNO, an unstable compound which forms explosive salts fumaric acid noun (or trans-butenedioic acid) (chemistry) an unsaturated organic dicarboxylic acid, HOOCCH=CHCOOH, the geometric isomer of maleic acid from which it may be prepared by heating; it is found in many plants, including fungi and mosses, and is essential in the chemistry of respiration; it has a number of industrial applications, and its esters, the fumarates are used in the treatment of psoriasis fumigant noun Any substance used, in the gaseous state, to fumigate or disinfect fumigate verb (fumigat, ing) To disinfect, purify, or rid of vermin with the fumes of certain chemicals. fuming sulfuric acid noun (inorganic compound) Any solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid; it contains pyrosulfuric acid, and is used in the manufacture of nitroglycerine etc. functional group noun (organic chemistry) A specific grouping of elements that is characteristic of a class of compounds, and determines some properties and reactions of that class. (ecology) A collection of organisms of specific morphological, physiological, behavioral, biochemical properties. furan noun (organic chemistry) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms and an oxygen atom; especially the simplest one, C₄H₄O. furfural noun (chemistry) a heterocyclic aldehyde derivative of furan; it is obtained commercially from bran, and has several industrial uses

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