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Glossary of Biochemistry Terms
beginning with letter R
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R
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noun
  1. The eighteenth letter of the Appendix:Roman script, English alphabet, preceded by Q and followed by S.
abbreviation
  1. (context, US politics) Republican
    1. (film certification) restricted
    2. reverse
    3. right (as opposed to left)
    4. (context, handbells) ring
    5. (context, baseball, cricket) The statistic reporting the number of runs scored by a player
    6. Thursday
recognize
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verb (recogniz, ing)
  1. (transitive) To match something or someone which one currently perceives to a memory of some previous encounter with the same entity.
  2. (transitive) Acknowledge the existence or legality of something.; treat as worthy of consideration or valid.
  3. (transitive) Acknowledge or consider as something.
  4. (transitive) Realize or discover the nature of something; apprehend quality in; realize or admit that.
  5. Give an award.
restriction enzyme
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noun
  1. (genetics) An endonuclease that catalyzes double-strand cleavage of DNA containing a specific sequence.
retinol
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noun
  1. A fat-soluble carotenoid vitamin (vitamin A), present in fish oils and green vegetables, essential to normal vision and to bone development.
reverse transcriptase
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noun
  1. A polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA from RNA; found in retroviruses.
rhamnose
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noun
  1. a methyl-pentose, 6-deoxy-L-mannose, which occurs in the leaves and flowers of poison ivy and is a constituent of many plant glycosides
riboflavin
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noun
  1. (vitamin) Yellow or orange-yellow water-soluble compound, a member of the vitamin B complex, that acts as a growth-promoting factor in humans and other animals.
ribonuclease
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noun
  1. (enzyme) Any of a group of enzymes which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid.
ribonucleic acid
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noun (abbreviation RNA)
  1. A derivative of DNA having ribose in place of deoxyribose, and uracil in place of thymine; its primary function is in the transcription of genetic material and subsequent synthesis of protein.
ribose
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noun
  1. (carbohydrate) A naturally occurring pentose sugar, which is a component of the nucleosides and nucleotides that comprise the nucleic acid biopolymer, RNA. It is also found in riboflavin.
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