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Glossary of Biochemistry Terms beginning with letter G
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galactosamine noun (chemistry) an amino derivative of the sugar galactose; found in glycolipids and in mucopolysaccharides gamma globulin noun , Î³-globulin a fraction of blood serum containing the most antibody, antibodies. a class of protein, proteins in the blood, identified by their position after w:serum protein electrophoresis, serum protein electrophoresis. The most significant gamma globulins are antibodies. gel noun A semi-solid to almost solid colloid of a solid and a liquid, such as jelly, cheese or opal. Any intended for a particular cosmetic use, such as for styling the hair. verb (gell, ing) (transitive) To apply (cosmetic) to (the hair, etc). (intransitive) To become a . genetic engineering noun the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism ghost noun (obsolete) The spirit; the soul of man. Then gives her grieved thus to lament. — Spenser The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter. The mighty ghosts* of our great Harrys rose.* — Shakespeare. I thought that I had died in sleep/And was a blessed . — Coleridge Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a glimmering. not a of a chance the of an idea Each separate dying ember wrought its upon the floor. — Poe A false image formed in a telescope, camera, or other optical device by reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses. An unwanted image similar to and overlapping or adjacent to the main one on a television screen, caused by the transmitted image being received both directly and via reflection. A ghostwriter. gibberellin noun (hormone) Any of a class of diterpene plant growth hormones first isolated from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. gliadin noun A minor protein (along with gluten and glutelin) in wheat; it may cause a toxic reaction in some people. globulin noun (protein) A protein found in blood and various other structures; one of the two parts of hí¦moglobin. glucocorticoid noun (steroid hormone) Any of a group of steroid hormones, produced by the adrenal cortex, that are involved in metabolism and have anti-inflammatory properties. glucosamine noun (biochemistry) an amino derivative of glucose that is a component of polysaccharides such as chitin; it is marketed as a dietary supplement supposedly to reduce the symptoms of arthritis glucose noun A simple monosaccharide sugar with the formula C₆H₁₂O₆ which is a principal source of energy for most living things. glutamic acid noun (amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, Î±-amino-glutaric acid, occurring widely in animal and plant tissues; the salt, monosodium glutamate is used as a flavour-enhancing seasoning. glutamine noun (amino acid) A nonessential amino acid C₅H₁₀N₂O₃ found in most animal and plant proteins. glutelin noun A minor protein (along with gluten and gliadin) in wheat glycine noun (amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, amino-acetic acid, C₂H₅NO₂ found in most proteins but especially in sugar cane; the simplest amino acid. glycogen noun (carbohydrate) A polysaccharide that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals; converted to glucose as needed. glycolipid noun (biochemistry) an association of a carbohydrate and a phospholipid, such as phosphatidylinositol, found in cell membranes glycolysis noun (biology) The cellular degradation of the simple sugar glucose to yield ATP as an energy source. glycoprotein noun (biochemistry) A protein with covalently bonded carbohydrates glycosaminoglycan noun (biochemistry) any polysaccharide that ia a polymer of amino sugars; they are the carbohydrate units of proteoglycans glycoside noun (context, organic chemistry, biochemistry) A molecule in which a sugar group is bound to a non-sugar group by a nitrogen or oxygen atom. They yield a sugar after undergoing hydrolysis. glycuronic acid noun (obsolete),(chemistry) any uronic acid GMP initialism guanosine monophosphate (guanylic acid) Good Manufacturing Practices (wikipedia, Good Manufacturing Practice) category:Biochemistry gonadotropin noun any of a group of protein hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the pituitary gland of vertebrates guanine noun (chemistry) A substance obtained from guano, found in the liver and other tissues of animals; as a base it pairs with cytosine in DNA and RNA. guanosine noun guanoosine (biochemistry),(genetics) a nucleoside derived from guanine and ribose guanylic acid noun (abbreviated as GMP) (biochemistry) the nucleotide guanosine monophosphate formed during protein synthesis

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