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Glossary of Biochemistry Terms
beginning with letter E
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elastase
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noun
  1. An endopeptidase enzyme involved in the breakdown of elastin.
category:Enzymes
elastin
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noun
  1. (protein) A protein, similar to collagen, found in connective tissue that has elastic properties.
endoenzyme
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noun
  1. (enzyme) Any enzyme that functions within the cell in which it was generated.
endogenous
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adjective
  1. produced, originating or growing from within
  2. of a disease, caused by factors within the body
endonuclease
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noun
  1. (enzyme) Any enzyme which catalyzes the cleavage of nucleic acids so as to produce variously sized fragments.
endopeptidase
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noun
  1. (enzyme) Any of a group of enzymes, such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin and elastase, which catalyze the splitting of polypeptide chains.
endorphin
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noun
  1. (biochemistry) Any of a group of peptide hormones found in the brain that act as neurotransmitters and have properties similar to morphine.
endotoxin
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noun
  1. Any toxin secreted by a microorganism and released into the surrounding environment only when it dies
enzymatic
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adjective
  1. of, relating to, or caused by enzymes
enzyme
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noun
  1. (biochemistry) A globular protein that catalysis, catalyses a biological chemical reaction.
EPA
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initialism
  1. w:Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Protection Agency
epinephrine
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noun
  1. (hormone) adrenaline, Adrenaline: a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress (when it stimulates the autonomic nervous system); used medicinally as a heart stimulant, vasoconstrictor and bronchial relaxant.
  2. (neurotransmitter) A neurotransmitter which is synthesized from norepinephrine.
ergosterol
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noun
  1. (context, steroid hormone, mycology) The steroid precursor of vitamin D2. It is found in cell membranes of fungi, and is their functional equivalent of cholesterol. It is also found in the membranes of some protists.
essential amino acid
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noun
  1. (amino acid) Those of the naturally occurring amino acids, that the human body cannot synthesize, and so must be provided by dietary protein.
estrogen
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noun
  1. (steroid hormone) Any of a group of steroids that are secreted by the ovaries and function as female sex hormones.
estrogenic
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adjective
  1. (steroid) Of, relating to, or acting like estrogen.
  2. (medicine) Causing estrus.
estrone
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noun
  1. (steroid hormone) An estrogenic hormone excreted by the ovaries; sometimed manufactured synthetically for use in cases of estrogen deficiency.
exoenzyme
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noun
  1. (enzyme) Any enzyme, generated by a cell, that functions outside of that cell.
exogenous
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adjective
  1. (biology) produced or originating outside of an organism
  2. (medicine) of a disease: having an external cause
exopeptidase
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noun
  1. (enzyme) Any of a group of enzymes which catalyze the removal of a single amino acid from the end of a polypeptide chain.
exotoxin
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noun
  1. Any toxin secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment
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